Lipids, Fats, and Biochemistry

The triglycerides are esters of glycerol with long chain fatty acids. Fatty acids always have an even number of carbons and may be saturated e.g, palmitic acid (C₁₅H₃₁COOH) and stearic acid (C₁₇H₃₅COOH) or unsaturated e.g., oleic acid (C₁₇H₃₃COOH) and linolenic acid (C₁₇H₂₉COOH). The three fatty acids in triglycerides may be same or different. Fats are glycerides of saturated fatty acids e.g., triplamitin and tristearin. Oils contains unsaturated fatty acids e.g., tristearin. Oils contain unsaturated fatty acids e.g., triolein. a-oleo-b-palmito-a'- stearin is an example of mixed glyceride.

A candle is a solid block of fuel (commonly wax) and an embedded wick, which is lit to provide light, and sometimes heat. Gel candles are made from a mixture of paraffin and plastic.

The triglycerides are esters of glycerol with long chain fatty acids. Fatty acids always have an even number of carbons and may be saturated e.g, palmitic acid (C₁₅H₃₁COOH) and stearic acid (C₁₇H₃₅COOH) or unsaturated e.g., oleic acid (C₁₇H₃₃COOH) and linolenic acid (C₁₇H₂₉COOH).The three fatty acids in triglycerides may be same or different. Fats are glycerides of saturated fatty acids e.g., triplamitin and tristearin. Oils contains unsaturated fatty acids e.g., tristearin.

Phospholipids are the constituents of cell mebrane and regulate membrane permeability. Phospholipids are also used as detergents to emulsify fat for transport within the body. They act as cellular metabolic regulators.They protect internal organs, serve as insulating materials and give shape and smoothness to the body. Accumulation of fat in liver is prevented by phospholipids.

The triglycerides are esters of glycerol with long chain fatty acids. Fatty acids always have an even number of carbons and may be saturated e.g, palmitic acid (C₁₅H₃₁COOH) and stearic acid (C₁₇H₃₅COOH) or unsaturated e.g., oleic acid (C₁₇H₃₃COOH) and linolenic acid (C₁₇H₂₉COOH).The three fatty acids in triglycerides may be same or different.Oils contains unsaturated fatty acids e.g., tristearin. Oils contain unsaturated fatty acids e.g., triolein. A-oleo-b-palmito-a'- stearin is an example of mixed glyceride.

Fats can be kept fresh and unrancid longest by keeping at very cool temperatures and in the dark, and away from exposure to oxygen & moisture of the atmosphere. Ideally this would mean in refrigeration without light or in a light-blocking container, and either vacuum-sealed or else with airspace filled with nitrogen or other nontoxic gas without oxygen.

Main reserve food in plants is starch and in animals is glycogen.

Simple lipids are known as triglycerides or triacyl glycerols . Some of these are solids at room temperature , while others are liquids . Solids are known as fats and liquids are known as oils . Some examples are tripalmitin , tristearin and triolein .

Fats & oils are triglycerides .They are esters of fatty acids with glycerol. They are insoluble in water, non-polar in character, and are commonly called neutral fats.

These lipids are obtained on hydrolysis of simple and complex lipids. These lipids contain glycerol and other alcohols. This class of lipids include steroid hormones, ketone bodies, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, mono and diglycerides, terpenes and carotenoids. These are sometimes present as waste products of metabolism.

Spermaceti (from Greek sperma, seed, and Latin cetus, whale) sometimes erroneously called parmaceti is a wax present in the head cavities of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). Spermaceti is extracted from sperm oil by crystallisation at 6 °C, when treated by pressure and a chemical solution of caustic alkali

It is a substance used to enhance the cleansing action of water. A detergent is an emulsifier, which penetrates and breaks up the oil film that binds dirt particles and a wetting agent, which helps them to float off. Emulsifier molecules have an oil-like nonpolar portion which is drawn into the oil and a polar group that is water-soluble; by bridging the oilwater interface, they break the oil into dispersible droplets (emulsion). As a surfactant, a detergent decreases the surface tension of water and helps it penetrate soil.

Plasma membrane is composed of 'lipid and protein'. According to 'Sandwich model' monomolecular two protein layer sandwiching a bimolecular lipid layer.

The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which is two layers of phospholipids back-to-back. Phospholipids are lipids with a phosphate group attached to them. The phospholipids have one head and two tails. The head is polar and hydrophilic, or water-loving.

They are the second largest component of plasma and constitute about 7% of the total plasma content. Plasma has about 70 types of proteins.