Lipids, Fats, and Biochemistry

Lactic acid is present in sweat along with water, NaCl, urea, amino acids and glucose.

The ground substance of connective tissue is composed of a complex mixture of proteins and carbohydrates, primarily glycosaminoglycans, which are a type of mucopolysaccharide. These molecules trap water to form a gel-like matrix.

Monascus perpureus produces statin.

RER looks rough under a microscope because it has particles called ribosomes attached to its surface.

Reason: Pigments are stored in chromoplasts and chloroplasts (stores green pigments).

Reason: Plasma membrane is a thin molecular layer that surrounds all living cells. The plasma membrane separates the cell from its surroundings and protects it from changes in its environment. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of 2 types of molecules. (1)        Lipids - Which are fats or oil molecules. Lipids help in transporting fat soluble substances across membrane. (2)        Proteins - Help in transporting substances across the membrane.             In most cells, plasma membrane is about 40% of Lipids and 60% of protein.Vitamins like fat soluble (Vitamin A, D, E, K) or water soluble (Vitamin B, C) are not able to perform functions like lipids and proteins.Therefore they are not present in cell membrane. However, Carbohydrates along with protein e.g. glycoprotein are present in cell wall.

Nucleic acids allow organisms to transfer genetic information from one generation to the next. There are two types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid, known as DNA and ribonucleic acid, known as RNA. When a cell divides, its DNA is copied and passed from one cell generation to the next generation.

In practice this is a complicated procedure and so simpler methods are resorted to determine the amount of hydrogen required to convert it into a saturated fat.The simplest of these is the determination of the amount of iodine that can be made to combine with the fat. The percentage by weight of iodine absorbed by the fat in the natural state is known as the iodine number. It is an index to the degree of unsaturation of the fat.

The organic substances, which are catabolised in the living cells to release energy are called as respiratory substrates. Though carbohydrate, fat or protein may act as a respiratory substrate, but the common respiratory substrate is glucose.

Urine contains ketone bodies when body uses fatty acids as alternate source of fuel in condition of starvation.

Lipid molecules found in cell membranes are amiphilic molecules, with one water-soluble end, and one hydrophobic end. The water-soluble end is usually charged, while the hydrophobic end is usually one or more hydrocarbon chains. The lipids found in cell membranes are mostly molecules with two hydrocarbon chains of about 10 carbons. Lipid bilayers are made up of phospholipids that have variable head groups and fatty acid chains.The lipid bilayer acts as a very good electrical insulator and has direct bearing on the way in which the proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer will behave.

Lipids do not functions as enzymes.The function of proteins as enzymes is perhaps their best-known function. Enzymes are catalysts—they initiate a reaction between themselves and another protein, working on the molecule to change it in some way.The enzyme, however, is itself unchanged at the end of the reaction.Enzymes are responsible for catalyzing reactions in processes such as metabolism, DNA replication, and digestion.

Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms. Fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are molecules found within cells, but they do not constitute the basic building block of life.

Although the administration of drugs to enhance acetyl coenzyme A, production is not effective in elevating acetylcholine neurotransmission, cholinergic neurons increase their coenzyme A production as a means of increasing acetylcholine availability for neurotransmission.

 This is correct option as C₂₇H₄₅OH is the formula of cholesterol.