Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

Theophilus Van Kannel invented the revolving door in 1888 and received a US patent for it. His invention was designed to prevent drafts from entering buildings while allowing easy passage. The revolving door became a standard architectural feature in commercial buildings worldwide.

John Stith Pemberton, an American pharmacist (druggist), invented Coca-Cola in 1886. He created it as a patent medicine intended to treat various ailments, including headaches and nervous disorders. The beverage was originally sold at soda fountains and later became one of the world's most recognized products.

Nicephore Niepce is credited as the inventor of photography. In 1826 or 1827, he created the earliest surviving photograph, 'View from the Window at Le Gras,' using a camera obscura and a pewter plate coated with bitumen. His work laid the foundation for later photographic processes developed by Daguerre and others.

Johann Gutenberg, a German inventor, developed movable type printing press technology around 1439 in Mainz, Germany. His invention of mechanical movable type printing revolutionized the production of books and made knowledge more accessible. The Gutenberg Bible, printed around 1455, demonstrated the power of this technology.

George Eastman invented roll film in the 1880s, which revolutionized photography by making it more accessible and convenient. His invention of flexible roll film replaced glass plates and enabled the development of motion picture films. Eastman founded the Kodak company, which popularized photography for amateur use.

Dr. Douglas C. Engelbart invented the computer mouse in 1964 at Stanford Research Institute. The original prototype was made of wood with two metal wheels. Engelbart's invention was part of his pioneering work on human-computer interaction, which also included developments in graphical user interfaces and collaborative computing.

Clarence Birdseye is considered the founder of the modern frozen food industry. In the 1920s, he developed a quick-freezing method that preserved food quality and flavor. His invention was inspired by observing how indigenous people in Labrador froze fish quickly in sub-zero temperatures. Birdseye's company later became General Foods.

Bartolomeo Cristofori invented the piano in the early 1700s (around 1700-1709) in Florence, Italy. His invention, originally called the 'gravicembalo col piano e forte' (harpsichord with soft and loud), allowed musicians to control volume by touch pressure. Cristofori was employed by the Medici family as keeper of instruments.

Rene Laennec, a French physician, invented the stethoscope in 1816 to examine patients without direct contact. His invention revolutionized medical diagnosis. The other options are incorrect: Judson invented the zipper, and Benz invented the first practical automobile.

The Eiffel Tower was designed by Gustave Eiffel's engineering company, with Maurice Koechlin and Émile Nouguier as the actual designers. Gustave Eiffel, whose company built the tower, supported the project and his name became associated with it. Christopher Wren designed St Paul's Cathedral, and Capability Brown was a landscape architect - neither had any connection to the Eiffel Tower.

Heinrich Hertz is the correct answer for who discovered/experimentally proved electrical waves (electromagnetic waves). In 1887, Hertz conducted experiments that proved Maxwell's theoretical predictions about electromagnetic waves. While Maxwell provided the mathematical framework and Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction, it was Hertz who actually demonstrated the existence of these waves through his famous spark-gap experiment, creating and detecting radio waves for the first time.

Henry Moseley (also spelled Mosley) established that the atomic number (number of protons) is the fundamental property that determines an element's position in the periodic table, not atomic weight.

The Montgolfier brothers, Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Étienne, invented the hot air balloon in 1783 and conducted the first successful manned balloon flights.

Alexander Parkes invented Parkesine, the first man-made plastic, which he exhibited in 1862. This early celluloid material paved the way for modern plastics.

Alfred Nobel invented dynamite in 1867 as a safer and more stable explosive than nitroglycerin. He later used his fortune to establish the Nobel Prizes.