General Awareness · Science General

Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

4,616 Questions

This hub provides questions related to great inventors and their scientific discoveries. It covers the inventors of the telephone, radio, and microchips, alongside Nobel Prize winners. These facts are crucial for the general awareness section of major competitive exams.

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Inventors and Scientific Discoveries Questions

Multiple choice botany cell and cellular organization cell theory microscope cell and its discovery

Present-day condenser of the optical microscope was developed by_________.

  1. Abbe

  2. Tolles

  3. Gesner

  4. Galileo
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Option $ - (A) $ Abbe 
The Abbe condenser is named for its investor Emst Abbe, who developed it in 1870. The Abbe condenser, Which was originally designed for Zeiss is mounted below the stage of the microscope.
Multiple choice botany cell and cellular organization cell theory microscope cell and its discovery

Robert B. Tolles is famous in microscopy for the invention of

  1. Diaphragm.

  2. Stage of the microscope.

  3. Oil immersion lens.

  4. Inbuilt illumination.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Robert B. Tolles was an American optician who made significant improvements to microscope lenses, specifically the development of the oil immersion lens to increase resolution.

Multiple choice botany cell and cellular organization cell theory microscope cell and its discovery

Dark field microscope was invented by

  1. Lister.

  2. Zernicke.

  3. Merten et. al.

  4. Carpersson.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In 1830, J.J. Lister (the father of Joseph Lister) invented the darkfield microscope, in which the standard brightfield (Abbe) condenser is replaced with a single or double-reflecting dark field condenser.

Multiple choice botany cell and cellular organization cell theory microscope cell and its discovery

Robert Hooke used the ................... to look at the cells for the first time.

  1. Light microscope

  2. Dark field microscope

  3. Transmission electron microscope

  4. Scanning electron microscope
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Robert Hooke famously used a primitive compound light microscope to observe thin slices of cork, where he first identified and named the structures as cells.

Multiple choice botany cell and cellular organization cell theory microscope cell and its discovery

Magnifying glasses were used for studying living beings for the first time by _________________.

  1. Galileo Galilei.

  2. Gesner.

  3. Faber.

  4. Leeuwenhoek.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Galileo Galilei is widely recognized for improving and using magnifying lenses (telescopes and microscopes) to study biological and astronomical objects in the early 17th century.

Multiple choice botany cell and cellular organization cell theory microscope cell and its discovery

Zernicke invented which microscope?

  1. Phase-contrast microscope

  2. Interference microscope

  3. Polarising microscope

  4. Fluorescent microscope
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Frits Zernike was a Dutch physicist who invented the phase-contrast microscope, a technique that allows for the imaging of transparent specimens without staining.

Multiple choice botany cell and cellular organization cell theory microscope cell and its discovery

Unicellular microscopic organisms were first studied by

  1. Robert Hooke

  2. Priestley

  3. Pasteur

  4. Leeuwenhoek
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Most of the "animalcules" are now referred to as unicellular organisms, although Leeuwenhoek observed multicellular organisms in pond water. He was also the first to document microscopic observations of muscle fibers, bacteria, spermatozoa, red blood cells, crystals in gouty tophi, and blood flow in capillaries.

Multiple choice botany cell and cellular organization cell theory microscope cell and its discovery

Zernike was awarded Noble prize for the discovery of

  1. TEM

  2. SEM

  3. Fluorescent microscope

  4. Phase contrast microscope
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Frits Zernike invented phase contrast microscopy which was proved to be an advancement in microscopy. He was awarded Nobel prize in Physics in 1953.
Phase contrast microscopy is a optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image.

Multiple choice botany cell and cellular organization cell theory microscope cell and its discovery

Zernike was awarded Noble prize for the discovery of 

  1. TEM

  2. SEM

  3. Fluorescent

  4. Phase contrast microscope
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Phase contrast microscope was developed by Zernike and in 1953 he got noble prize for this discovery. The microscope has a phase plate and an annular diaphragm. They bring about changes in light rays passing through the specimen producing differences in light intensity. Denser parts, alter path of light more than the thinner parts. This produces varying contrast for different regions. The microscope is useful in the study of small living organisms, living cells, constituents of living cells, effect of various factors over living structures, and study of various cellular events like behaviour of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis, spindle formation, cytokinesis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, cyclosis, glandular secretions, spermatogenesis, oogenesis etc.
So, the correct answer is 'Phase contrast microscope'.
Multiple choice britain and the world the beginnings of empire history

Whose work  was partly financed by the West Indian slave trade?

  1. Thomas Edison

  2. Isaac Newton

  3. James Watts

  4. Jacob Leupold
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

James Watt's steam engine development was partly financed by wealth from the West Indian slave trade. Thomas Edison was much later (19th century America), Isaac Newton was 17th-18th century, and Jacob Leupold was a German engineer not connected to this financing.

Multiple choice britain and the world the beginnings of empire history

What did James Watts work with?

  1. Spinning wheels

  2. Steam engines

  3. Spinning jenny

  4. Turbines
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

James Watt is famous for his significant improvements to the steam engine, which became a primary power source for factories during the Industrial Revolution.

Multiple choice

Who used X-Ray crystallography to help determine the structure of DNA?

  1. Whitney Waren

  2. Amanda Matte

  3. Rosalind Franklin

  4. Rosalind Foster
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Rosalind Franklin was a British chemist whose work in X-ray crystallography was essential to understanding the molecular structure of DNA. Her data provided critical evidence for the double helix model.