Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

The first sex-linked gene ever discovered was the lacticolor X-linked recessive gene in the moth Abraxas grossulariata by Leonard Doncaster.

The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee (misspelled as 'Times Barnes Lee' in the option) in 1989 at CERN. Jetlee, Pascal, and Charles Babbage are incorrect - Babbage was a 19th-century computer pioneer, not the web inventor.

Charles Babbage is widely recognized as the 'father of modern computer' for his pioneering work on the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine in the 19th century. These mechanical designs introduced fundamental concepts still used in computing today.

Alfred Nobel, the Swedish chemist and inventor, discovered dynamite in 1867. He invented this safer explosive by mixing nitroglycerin with an absorbent material. Nobel's invention of dynamite made him wealthy, and his will established the Nobel Prizes using his fortune. The other options are weapons, not discoveries.

In the history of thermodynamics, 'On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances' is a 300-page paper written by American mathematical-engineer Willard Gibbs. It is one of the founding papers in thermodynamics.

Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer was a German chemist who synthesized indigo. He was 1905^th recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

John Napier, a Scottish mathematician, invented logarithms in the early 17th century (published in 1614). This revolutionary mathematical concept simplified complex calculations and transformed mathematics and science.

Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline, one of the earliest mechanical calculators, in 1642 when he was just 19 years old. This device could perform addition and subtraction directly, while multiplication and division required repeated operations. Pascal's invention laid the groundwork for future computing devices.

N. gonorrhoea was first described by Albert Neisser in 1879.

Linus C. Pauling is the only person to win two unshared Nobel Prizes - Chemistry in 1954 and Peace in 1962. He won the Chemistry Prize for his work on chemical bonds and the Peace Prize for his campaign against nuclear testing. Niels Bohr and Madam Curie won Nobel Prizes but not both Chemistry and Peace (Curie won Physics and Chemistry).

Dr. Craig Venter and his team at the J. Craig Venter Institute created the first self-replicating, synthetic bacterial cell in 2010. They chemically synthesized the genome of Mycoplasma mycoides and transplanted it into a host cell.

Gottlieb Daimler (often credited as G. Daimler) is widely regarded as the inventor of the first modern motorcycle along with Wilhelm Maybach in 1885. They created the Reitwagen (riding car), which was essentially a motorized bicycle with an internal combustion engine.

Von Neumann's design led eventually to the construction of the ENIAC computer in 1952, which is the first computer of this type to be actually constructed.

Thomas Alva Edison invented the motion picture projector (kinetoscope) in the late 19th century and developed the first commercially viable film production system. His work laid the foundation for the modern film industry, though the Lumière brothers in France also made significant contributions to cinema technology.

The base pair rule was proposed by Erwin Chargraff. According to Chargraff base pair rule, adenine pair with thymine, guanine with cytocine and vice versa.