Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

Edward Buchner published the first evidence of a cell-free fermentation process using extracts isolated from yeast. This discovery refuted Pasteur's claim that fermentation requires the presence of live cells.

The first prototype of the present day compound microscope was given by Zacharias Janssen by adding one more lens to the telescope.

In 1942, Thomas Anderson and Salvador Luria demonstrated that an E. coli T2 phage has a head and a tail. They photographed bacteriophages with the aid of an electron microscope.

George Beadle and Edward Tatum in 1941 using the fungus Neurospora crassa established the one gene one enzyme concept. According to it, particular genes are expressed through the action of correspondingly specific enzymes.

In 1875, Cohn published an early classification of bacteria, using the genus name Bacillus for the first time.

John Tyndall developed a process of intermittent heating to kill spores known as Tyndallization. Tyndallization essentially consists of heating the substance to boiling point (or just a little below boiling point) and holding it there for 15 minutes, three days in succession. After each heating, the resting period will allow spores that have survived to germinate into bacterial cells; these cells will be killed by heating the next day.

The term parenchyma has been given by N. Grew.

Correct answer is (1).

Karl Jansky discovered radio waves from space in 1932 while working at Bell Labs. He detected radio noise coming from the Milky Way galaxy, founding the field of radio astronomy. This was the first detection of extraterrestrial radio waves.

The theory of spontaneous generation or abiogenesis was disproved by Louis Pasteur.

Benjamin Franklin discovered that there is an electric discharge between clouds that produces a spark, and it is the electric spark between the clouds and the earth that appears as lightning. His famous kite experiment led him to this discovery.

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707-1788) was one of the first to propose evolutionary concepts in his 'Histoire Naturelle', suggesting species could change over time and that Earth was much older than biblical chronology suggested. While Darwin is more famous for natural selection, Buffon founded the evolutionary concept much earlier. Cuvier and Owen were actually anti-evolutionists.

Herbert Spencer, not Charles Darwin, coined the phrase 'survival of the fittest' after reading Darwin's work. Darwin later adopted this term in later editions of 'On the Origin of Species' to describe natural selection.

He coined the term mutation in 1900.

Trembley first reported regeneration in hydra.