Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

German scientist Karl Vogt was the first to describe the principle of apoptosis in 1842.

Robert Brown discovered the nucleus in 1831 while studying orchid root cells. He observed a dark, dense structure in each cell and named it the nucleus. This was a key observation that contributed to understanding cell structure.

Enflurane (2-chloro-1, 1, 2,- trifluoroethyl-difluoromethyl ether) is a halogenated ether that was commonly used for inhalational anesthesia during the 1970s and 1980s. Developed by Ross Terrell in 1963, it was first used clinically in 1966.

William Nicholson and surgeon Anthony Carlisle discovered electrolysis of water in 1800, observing bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen forming at electrodes when electric current passed through water. This demonstrated that water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.

Charles Darwin wrote On the Origin of Species (1859), the foundational work that presented his theory of evolution by natural selection. This book revolutionized biology by proposing that species evolve over generations through natural selection of inherited traits. G. B. Shaw was a playwright, Mendel discovered genetics principles, and D. H. Lawrence was a novelist.

This is the correct answer as Newcomen produced the first steam engine. This steam engine was later improved by James Watt and patented in 1781.

Lord Dalhousie introduced postage stamps in India in 1854, revolutionizing the postal system by standardizing mail rates and requiring pre-payment. The other options were also Viceroys but Dalhousie specifically implemented postal reforms including the iconic India's first postage stamp.

Cajiachjan discovered florigen in 1936.

Chamberlain and Moulton jointly proposed the Chamberlain-Moulton planetesimal hypothesis (binomial theory) in 1900 to explain the origin of the solar system through tidal disruption. This theory suggested that a passing star pulled material from the Sun, which then condensed to form planets through planetesimal accretion.

Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843) is the founder of homeopathy, a system of alternative medicine based on the principle of 'like cures like' (similia similibus curentur). He developed this medical approach in contrast to conventional medical practices of his time.

Dr. Samuel Hahnemann was a German physician who founded homeopathy. He was born in Meissen, Germany in 1755 and developed the principles of homeopathic medicine based on 'like cures like'. Austria, Italy, and Sweden are incorrect as he was neither born nor practiced in these countries.

In 2010, Edwards was awarded the Nobel Prize for the development of in vitro fertilisation.

‘Origin of Species’ is written by Darwin.

Hugo de Vries proposed the Mutation Theory of evolution in the early 20th century, suggesting that new species arise suddenly through large-scale mutations rather than gradual accumulation of small variations. His work with evening primrose (Oenothera) supported this idea, though modern evolutionary biology synthesizes mutation theory with Darwinian natural selection.