Internet and Web

All HTTP headers and cookies can be manipulated by users and attackers, making them untrusted input that requires validation. Host headers can be used for cache poisoning attacks. Cookies can contain malicious data. Referrer headers are user-supplied. The secure approach is to validate ALL external input, assuming none can be trusted.

In a GET request, the query string (the part after '?' in the URL) is logged by web servers. This is standard behavior for access logs. Hidden tags (A) are in HTML forms, not URLs. Headers (C) and cookies (D) are sent in the HTTP request but are not part of the URL itself, though servers can optionally log them. The query string is always visible in server logs by default.

Forceful browsing (or directory traversal) attacks are prevented by checking authorization on every page request. Obscure file names or directory structure are security through obscurity and not real protection - authorization checks are mandatory.

Google Street View provides panoramic, 360-degree views of streets and locations worldwide, enabling virtual exploration of places. Earth View refers to satellite imagery, while Zoom In/Out are basic navigation controls. Street View specifically enables the immersive virtual visiting experience described.

An email address follows the format local-part@domain-name where the part before @ identifies the specific mailbox (local part) and the part after @ identifies the mail server (domain name). Option A reverses this order incorrectly.

All the listed phenomena threaten email usefulness. Spamming floods inboxes with unsolicited messages, phishing tricks users into revealing sensitive information, email worms spread malicious software, and email bombardment overwhelms systems with excessive traffic.

The first ARPANET message was "lo" - the system crashed after typing just the first two letters of "login" on October 29, 1969. This historic moment marked the birth of what would become the internet. Option B is a common programming phrase but incorrect for ARPANET. Options C and D are fictional answers not related to ARPANET history.

The first message sent over ARPANET (the precursor to the modern Internet) was 'lo' on October 29, 1969. The attempt was to send 'login' but the system crashed after the first two letters. This occurred during a connection attempt between UCLA and Stanford Research Institute. 'Hello world' is a programming tradition, not a networking milestone.

ASP.NET allows multiple master pages (any number) for different layouts, but only one site map file (web.sitemap) per website to define the navigation structure hierarchy.

The setParameter method sets 'bar' to 'foo'. The getParameter method then retrieves the value of 'bar', which is 'foo'. This is basic parameter storage and retrieval in Symfony - the key 'bar' holds the value 'foo'.

Cookies, Spam, and Net nannies are all valid Internet/technology terms. Cookies are HTTP data stores, Spam is unsolicited messages, and Net nannies (historically) were content filtering software. Brownies is a food item and not related to Internet terminology.

Files on the Internet are stored on individual computers that are connected to the network, which are configured to serve these files and are commonly referred to as servers. The Internet is not a single massive computer, nor do files live inside routing devices.

When a converter throws an exception during value conversion, JSF marks the component as invalid. The isValid() method of the UIComponent (or the field's validator) returns false because the conversion failure sets the valid flag to false, preventing further processing.

When a converter throws an exception or sets a conversion error, JSF marks the component as invalid. The isValid() method returns false for that component, and the component's value is not updated in the model. This prevents invalid data from propagating through the application.

Zero-footprint clients require no local software installation beyond a web browser. The Web Client and Wireless Web Client are zero-footprint because they run entirely in the browser. In contrast, Mobile Web Client, Handheld Client, and Dedicated Web Client all require local installation of Siebel software and database components, making them non-zero-footprint clients.