International and Civil Society Organizations

Pakistan was readmitted to the Commonwealth of Nations in 2008 following a democratic transition after being suspended in 2007. Australia has always been a member. Myanmar and Nepal are not relevant to Commonwealth readmissions in this context.

MOSSAD (HaMossad leModiʼin uLeTafkidim Meyuḥadim) is Israel's national intelligence agency, formed in 1949. It handles foreign intelligence collection, covert operations, and counterterrorism, and is widely regarded as one of the most effective intelligence agencies worldwide. France has DGSE, Japan has PSIA, and Canada has CSIS.

The KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti - Committee for State Security) was the Soviet Union's main intelligence agency from 1954-1991, handling both domestic and foreign intelligence. Russia inherited KGB's assets; its modern successors are the SVR (foreign intelligence) and FSB (domestic security). Spain has CNI, Brazil has ABIN, and Italy has AISE.

ABIN (Agência Brasileira de Inteligência - Brazilian Intelligence Agency) is Brazil's federal intelligence agency, established in 1999. It replaced the SNI and is responsible for strategic intelligence, counterintelligence, and protecting national interests. New Zealand has NZSIS, Portugal has SIS, and Indonesia has BIN.

MI5 (Security Service) handles domestic counterintelligence and security, while MI6 (Secret Intelligence Service) conducts foreign intelligence operations - both are UK agencies. 'MI' stands for Military Intelligence, reflecting their origins. South Africa has SSA, North Korea has Reconnaissance General Bureau, and Sweden has MUST.

Scotland Yard is the headquarters of London's Metropolitan Police Service and a metonym for British policing. It handles criminal investigations, counterterrorism, and royal protection. The name comes from its original location on Great Scotland Yard. Iceland has National Police Commissioner, Argentina has Federal Police, and China has MPS.

The UN Security Council has five permanent members with veto power: USA, UK, France, Russia (misspelled as 'Ruse'), and China. Spain is not a permanent member and therefore has no veto power. America (USA) and France are permanent members with veto power.

The headquarters of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) is located in Jakarta, Indonesia. ASEAN was founded in 1967 and its secretariat has been in Jakarta since its establishment. The other options are incorrect: Java is an Indonesian island (not a city), New Delhi is India's capital, and Colombo is Sri Lanka's commercial capital. Jakarta was chosen as a neutral, centrally located city within the Southeast Asian region.

Ela Ramesh Bhatt, founder of Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA), received the 27th Niwano Peace Prize in May 2010 for her work empowering women through microfinance and cooperative movements. The other names are incorrect.

BRIC stands for Brazil, Russia, India, and China - four major emerging economies identified by Goldman Sachs economist Jim O'Neill in 2001. The term represents countries expected to become dominant global economies by 2050 based on their economic potential and growth trajectories. France is a developed Western European nation, not part of BRIC.

Fiji was suspended from the Commonwealth due to the 2006 coup and did not participate in the 2010 Delhi Games. Tokelau, a territory of New Zealand, is not a member of the Commonwealth Games Federation and thus did not participate. Glasgow is a city (host of CWG 2014), not a nation, making options B and C incorrect.

Peter Diamond, Dale Mortensen, and Christopher Pissarides jointly won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for their work on search theory and friction in markets. They analyzed how unemployment, job vacancies, and wage formation interact in labor markets. The question asks about 'this year' and these three economists shared the prize, making 'All the above' the correct answer.