International Law

International law or the Law of Nations is the name of a body of rules which, according to their usual definitions, regulate the conduct of states in their intercourse with each other.

The ICJ considered the WHO's request, in a case known as the Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict, and also known as the WHO Nuclear Weapons Case, between 1993 and 1996. After considering the case, the Court refused to give an advisory opinion on the WHO's question.

The UN Charter does not make any distinction between the original and subsequent members.

“The State shall endeavour to promote international peace and security” is provided in Article-51. It is a Directive Principle of State Policy.  

Option '1' is wrong as Geneva Convention is an international law for the humanitarian treatment of the prisoners of war. Option '2' is wrong as Hague Convention (1996) covers parental responsibility and measures for the protection of children. Option '3' is correct as Hague Convention (1954), signed in 1954, requires its signatories to protect cultural property in war. Option '4' is wrong as Basel Convention is for the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal. Hence, option '3' is correct.

This is correct as both statements are correct.

Article 355 of the Indian Constitution mandates that it is the duty of the Union to protect every state against external aggression and internal disturbances. This article empowers the central government to take necessary measures to ensure state governments are carried out in accordance with the Constitution. Article 370 dealt with Jammu and Kashmir's special status, while Articles 356 and 362 relate to President's Rule and emergency provisions.

Article 51 of the Constitution outlines Directive Principles for international peace: promoting international peace and security, maintaining just and honorable relations between nations, and fostering respect for international law and treaty obligations. Option D correctly captures all these principles.

Austin concluded that international law is not true law but ‘international positive morality’ only analogous to the rules binding a club or society.

 International Law is a body of rules and principles of action which are binding upon civilised states in their relations with one another.

India follows the "dualist‟ school of law in respect of implementation of international law at domestic level. 

 Decisions or determinations of the organs of International Institutions as a source of International Law does not find mention in Article 38 of the Statute of International Court of Justice.

International law is that law which is applied in relation of the states and to other subjects of international law. National or state law which is called municipal law is applied within state to the individuals and corporate entities which are the bearers of rights and duties.

Subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations are subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law.

This distinction is based on the view that a government is an instrument in the service of the state, which is an entity composed of a territory, a population and a public authority.