Indian Polity and Governance

The Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) is headed by a Chairman. The other titles like Chancellor or Vice-Chancellor are typically associated with universities.

As the State Bank of India was created by an Act of Parliament, any amendments to the State Bank of India Act must be passed by the Parliament of India.

Expenditure of public money of india is nothing but the Consolidated Fund of India.

In India, the Prime Minister can no longer remain in office if he ceases to be the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha.

The Legislative Assembly controls the Consolidated Fund of the State.

In india, we have the Supreme Court at the centre and the High Courts next to it in the states. Therefore, High Courts are next to the Supreme Court and hence, they are immediate subordinates.

One of the powers of the Supreme Court and the High Courts is that of the judicial review.

The immunity enjoyed by the President in respect of his/her personal acts, during his/her tenure is an exception to the fundamental right to equality .The President of India is immune from any criminal proceedings against him/her. But, he can be impeached during his term of office. 

The Constitution of India previously allowed the President to nominate two members of the Anglo-Indian community to the Lok Sabha, though this provision was discontinued by the 104th Amendment Act.

The Indian Constitution, vests in the President of India, all the executive powers of the Central Government. The President appoints the Prime Minister, the person most likely to command the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha (usually the leader of the majority party or coalition). The President then appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios to them on the advice of the Prime Minister.

Governor is an integral part of the State Legislature as the President is in the Parliament. Article 168(1) of the Indian Constitution provides that for every State, there shall be a Legislature which shall consist of the Governor and two Houses or one House, as the case may be. He plays multifaceted role in the administration of the State even though he is not a member of the State Legislature. He is the executive head of the State. All executive actions in the State are taken in his name. He is empowered to exercise his executive power either directly or through the officers, who are subordinate to him.

The President of India may resign from his office by writing to the Vice President of India. 

1. National Emergency (Article 352) On the grounds of security threats to India by war, external aggression or armed rebellion, the President can proclaim this emergency only after receiving a written recommendation from the Cabinet. 2. State Emergency (Article 356) Emergency due to failure of constitutional machinery in State. The President's rule can be imposed when the President is satisfied, on the basis of either a report of the State Governor or otherwise, that the governance of the State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. 3. Financial Emergency (Article 360) The President can proclaim Financial Emergency if he is satisfied that the financial stability or the credit of India or any part thereof is threatened.

The Vice President is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of both the Houses of the Parliament, in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote. The voting in such election is done by a secret ballot.

The Finance Commission of India is a constitutional body established under Article 280 to define the financial relations between the central government and the state governments, including the distribution of tax proceeds.