Indian Polity and Governance

The president of India is the Union executive. It has been stated in Article 53 (1) of the Constitution that “the executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with the Constitution.” This makes it evident that the President is the head of the Government.

According to Article 64 of the Indian Constitution, the Vice President shall be ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States and shall not hold any other office of profit. Provided that during any period when the Vice President acts as President or discharges the functions of the President under Article 65, he shall not perform the duties of the office of Chairman of the Council of States and shall not be entitled to any salary or allowance payable to the Chairman of the Council of States under Article 97.

 Article 124(2): Clause (2) of Article 124 is as follows: “Every Judge of the Supreme Court shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal after consultation with such of the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts in the States as the President may deem necessary for the purpose and shall hold office until he attains the age of sixty-five years; provided that in the case of appointment of a Judge other than the Chief Justice, the Chief Justice of India shall always be consulted.”

Members of the Lok Sabha are elected, not appointed, by the common people of the nation. Hence, the President does not have any power to appoint or dismiss them. They can only be suspended from the Lok Sabha by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha on the grounds of misbehavior.

The Constitution of India (Article 148) provides for an independent office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG). CAG is the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department and the guardian of public purse. He controls the entire financial system of the country at the Centre and the State.

The President is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the Chief Justice of India (or in his absence, the senior-most Judge of the Supreme Court), an oath or affirmation that he/she shall protect, preserve and defend the Constitution.

The President

The President

Right sec-9 of CrPC mention that session judge is appointed by the High Court.

Under Article 352 of the Indian Constitution, the President of India is empowered to declare a national emergency.

Under Article 110 of the Indian Constitution, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha has the final authority to decide whether a bill is a Money Bill.

Comptroller and Auditor General is the guardian of the public purse. The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India is an authority established by the Constitution of India under article 148, who audits all receipts and expenditure of the Government of India and the state governments.

Explanation: Option (4) is correct: Article 124(4) of Constitution of India - a Judge of the Supreme Court shall not be removed from his office except by an order of the President passed after an address by each House of Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present.

The President of India holds the constitutional position of the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces.

Civil servants are government employees and are generally prohibited from holding political office while in service. Becoming a Member of Parliament is a political role that requires resignation from civil service.