Indian Polity and Governance

The Union Council of Ministers does not automatically resign or dismiss when Lok Sabha is dissolved. Under Article 75(3), ministers remain in office until the new Lok Sabha meets and a new Council is appointed. This ensures continuity of governance during election periods. The Prime Minister and individual ministers are part of the Council, so the Council as a body continues.

The Rajya Sabha has the constitutional authority to remove its Deputy Chairman by passing a resolution with a majority of all the then members of the House. This power is vested in the House itself, not in external offices like the Speaker or Council of President. The Deputy Chairman is elected from among the members of Rajya Sabha.

When the Chairman (Vice President of India) is absent, the Deputy Chairman presides over the Rajya Sabha sessions. This is a constitutional provision under Article 89. The Prime Minister, Home Minister, and Parliamentary Affairs Minister do not have any constitutional role in presiding over Rajya Sabha proceedings.

Option (1) is incorrect: The Election Commissioner can be removed by the President on the recommendation of the Chief Election Commissioner. Option (2) is incorrect: Prime Minister cannot remove the Election Commissioner from his office. Option (3) is incorrect: Home Minister cannot remove the Election Commissioner from his office. Option (4) is correct: The Election Commissioner can be removed by the President on the recommendation of the Chief Election Commissioner.

Option (1) is incorrect: Under Section 133 of the Code of Civil Procedure, former Indian ruler is exempted from personal appearance in the court.

President's Rule under Article 356 requires approval by both Houses of Parliament within two months. Parliament must also approve every six months for its continuation. This makes Parliament the authorizing body.

Under Article 356, the Governor acts on the President's discretion and is not bound by the advice of the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers. This is because the state government is deemed to have failed.

Under Article 356, the President imposes President's Rule in a state based on the Governor's report about failure of constitutional machinery. The Governor is the constitutional head who assesses the state's situation and reports to the President.

Under Article 356, Parliament must approve President's Rule within two months of proclamation. If Parliament does not approve, the proclamation lapses. This provides parliamentary check on executive power.

When Army Chief transfers from Conservative to Justice, the Conservative deputy must be fired (their role disappears). Additionally, all Conservative staff members in that office must be fired because the new Justice deputy's staff must be equally split between Justice and the third party (Democratic), with no room for Conservative members.

Article 347 allows the President to direct a state to officially recognize a language spoken by a substantial section of the population, if the President is satisfied that such recognition is desirable. This provision enables protection of linguistic minorities at the state level. The President acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers in this matter. This article is part of the broader framework for linguistic protection in the Constitution.

After the Election Commission notifies the election results, the President formally appoints each member to either House of Parliament. This is a constitutional formality where the President's signature validates the election results and officially inducts members into their parliamentary positions.

The Speaker of Lok Sabha and the Chairman of Rajya Sabha have the constitutional authority to adjourn the House. They can adjourn the House sine die (indefinitely) or to a fixed date. This is part of their role as presiding officers maintaining order and conducting proceedings. The President, Prime Minister, and Parliamentary Affairs Minister do not directly adjourn the House.

Article 77: The President shall make rules for the more convenient transaction of the business of the Government of India, and for the allocation among Ministers of the said business.