Indian Polity and Governance

Statement 1 is correct. The President can remove the members of the Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commission also even though the members of the State PSC are appointed by the Governor. For removing these members of UPSC and SPSC on ground of misbehaviour, the President refers such matters to the Supreme Court for an inquiry. Statement 2 is correct. The recommendations given by the UPSC are not mandatory in nature.

Statement 1 is correct. The Deputy Chairman enjoys the rank of a Cabinet Minister. He is invited to all cabinet meetings but he is not allowed to vote in these meetings. Statement 2 is wrong. The Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission is appointed by the Central Cabinet for a fixed tenure and enjoys the rank of a cabinet minister.

Statement 1 is correct. The qualification for the chairman of NHRC is that he/she should be a retired Chief Justice of India. Statement 2 is correct. The four members of the commission include a retired or serving Supreme Court judge; another, retired or serving chief justice of High Court and two persons having wide knowledge on human rights. Statement 3 is correct. The four ex-officio members of NHRC are chairmen of National Commissions for Minorities, SCs, STs and Women.

Under the Indian Constitution, all executive actions of the state government are formally carried out in the name of the Governor, similar to how Union government actions are taken in the name of the President. The Governor is the constitutional head of the state.

In India, we have the Supreme Court at the centre and the High Courts next to it in the states. Therefore, the High Courts are next to the Supreme Court and hence, they are immediate subordinates.

The Governor of a state has the constitutional authority to prorogue (summon and end sessions of) the State Legislature. This is one of the Governor's legislative powers, similar to the President's power to prorogue Parliament at the Union level.

Under Article 266(1), 'The consolidated fund of the state is under the authority of the legislature of that state'.

The Speaker of the Vidhan Sabha is elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly from among themselves, not appointed by the Governor. In contrast, the Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor, other ministers are appointed on the CM's advice, and the State PSC Chairman is also a gubernatorial appointment. This reflects the separation between the executive and legislative branches at the state level.

The Governor holds office during the pleasure of the President and can be removed by presidential order without any parliamentary resolution. In contrast, Supreme Court and High Court judges, as well as the Chief Election Commissioner, can only be removed through a formal impeachment process requiring Parliament's resolution and proven misbehavior or incapacity. This demonstrates the Governor's unique constitutional position.

The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of a state submits his resignation to the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of that state.

Option 4 is correct.

By convention, the Chairman of the Estimates Committee is appointed from the ruling party in the Lok Sabha. This practice ensures that the committee, which scrutinizes government expenditure and suggests economies, works in coordination with the government's financial priorities while maintaining parliamentary oversight.

In the Indian Constitution, the Concurrent List contains subjects on which both the Central Government and State Governments can legislate. This dual legislative framework allows for uniform laws across the country while permitting states to make amendments based on local needs. Option A refers only to the Centre, and Option C only to states, which is incorrect for this list.

Correct answer is (3). 

One of the powers of the Supreme Court and the High Courts is that of judicial review.