Indian Philosophy and Aesthetics

Satavahana dynasty belonged to the Andhra jati and was the first Deccanese dynasty to build an empire in daksinapatha—i.e., the southern region. Their  rule began in the first century BCE and lasted until the second century CE. Satavahanas were Hindus and claimed Brahmanical status. Buddhism also flourished during this period due to generous donations made by the kings.

Navniketanam is a historical treatise related to medicine, specifically Ayurveda.

The Naradasmriti is a legal text, but it is not the earliest; the Manusmriti and others predate it. Asvaghosa wrote plays, but Bhasa is often cited as an earlier dramatist in Sanskrit literature.

The muthumakkathazhi or nannangadi is a megalithic burial monument in which the corpse is buried in a big urn. The word muthumakkathazhi is derived from muthumakkal (predecessors in local parlance) and thazhi (big urn). Some claim that the pot was named so as it was used to bury the corpses of prominent persons like village chieftains.

 Indian system views time in a cyclic manner. This is also called ‘Kalachakra’. There is no end in sight for Kalachakra. After one rotation of this chakra is completed, the second one starts. The completion of one cycle is called yuga. In this way, history is narrated as Tretayuga, Dwaparayuga etc. 

The Kannada poet Durvinita, a ruler of the Western Ganga dynasty, is famously credited with translating Gunadya's Brihatkatha from Prakrit into Sanskrit.

Viewing history in a cyclic manner is called Kalachakra because it refers to wheel of time or "time-cycles".

History is narrated as Tretayuga, Dwaparyuga etc. The Indian system views time in a cyclic manner. It is also referred to as Kalachakra. On completion of one Kalchakra, another begins. The completion of one of its cycle is known as Yuga. Thus, history has Yugas such as Tretayuga, Dwaparyuga etc.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

In India, we usually showcase Adivasi communities in particular ways. Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalized and the people often wrongly believe that Adivasis are exotic, primitive and backward. Often Adivasis are blamed for their lack of advancement as they are believed to be resistant to change or new ideas.

Adivasis practise a range of tribal religions that are different from Islam, Hinduism and Christianity. These often involve the worship of ancestors, village and nature spirits, the last associated with and residing in various sites in the landscape – ‘mountain-spirits’, ‘river-spirits’, ‘animal-spirits’, etc. 

• The Sushruta Samhita is an ancient Sanskrit text on medicine and surgery, and one of the most important such treatises on this subject to survive from the ancient world.
• The Susruta Samhita was written by the famous physician and surgeon Susruta in the 6th century BC who taught at the University of Benares (alternatively Kasi or Varanasi) on the Ganges River.
  
• According to Susruta Samhita, Virudha consisted of shrubs.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Shrubs'

Ashoka was a Hindu by birth but he followed Hinduism till Kalinga War only. After Kalinga War, he transformed from Hindu to Buddhist.  He embraced Buddha's teachings of love and non-violence and denounced the war as state policy. He decided to conquer the hearts of his subjects.

The religious movements of Buddhism and Jainism were led by Prince Siddhartha and Prince Vardhman later on known as Buddha and Mahavira Swami respectively. Both were Kshatriya Princes. They both started a new religious ideology which doesn't believe in the varna system and other superstitions. Buddha belonged to Sakya clan in Lumbini. Mahavira Swami's father Siddhartha was the chief of Kshatriya clan.

The term Tirthankara is associated with Jainism. These are the spiritual teachers of Jainism. According to Jainism, an individual who got victory over the cycle of death and rebirth is known as Tirthankara. In Jainism, there are 24 Tirthankara. First was Rishabhanat and last (24th) was Mahavira Swami.