Indian Independence Movement

A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, founded the Indian National Congress in 1885, making option B correct. Hume's goal was to create a platform for educated Indians to discuss political issues and provide a safety valve for political discontent, though the organization later became the leading force in India's independence movement.

Dadabhai Naoroji was the first Indian to be elected to the British Parliament in 1892, representing the Liberal Party from Central Finsbury, London. He was a prominent political leader and economist known for his work on the drain theory.

At the time of his death, Jyoti Basu was a permanent invitee to the central committee of CPI(M). This was a special position created for him due to his stature and experience, even after he stepped down from active politics.

Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw (popularly known as Sam Manekshaw) was India's first Field Marshal, appointed in 1973. He was the Chief of Army Staff during the 1971 India-Pakistan war and led the Indian Army to victory.

R. K. Shanmukham Chetty served as the first Finance Minister of independent India from 1947 to 1949. He presented independent India's first budget in 1947. C. Rajagopalachari was the first Governor General of independent India, while Syed Ahmed Khan was a 19th-century reformer who founded Aligarh Muslim University.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak was one of the first leaders of the Indian independence movement and was mentored by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress. Gokhale was known for his moderate, constitutional approach to gaining independence, while Tilak advocated more radical methods.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is popularly known as the Father of the Indian Constitution as he was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee. He played the most significant role in framing the Constitution and ensuring it reflected democratic values. While Nehru and Gandhi were freedom fighters, Ambedkar's contribution to constitution-making was unparalleled.

Pingali Venkaiah designed the Indian national flag. He was a freedom fighter who designed the flag and presented it to Mahatma Gandhi in 1921. The spelling in option A has a minor typo but clearly refers to the correct person.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad served as the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of India, which was responsible for drafting the Constitution of India. He later became the first President of independent India.

The Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (EPEA) Committee, also known as the Tribal and Excluded Areas Committee, was chaired by Vallabhbhai Patel. It was formed in 1947 to address governance issues in tribal areas. The committee's recommendations influenced the Fifth and Sixth Schedules of the Constitution.

J.B. Kripalani served as the Chairman of the Fundamental Rights Committee in the Constituent Assembly. The committee was established to draft the fundamental rights provisions for the Indian Constitution. Vallabhbhai Patel chaired the Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, while Kripalani specifically led the Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee.

Allen Octavian Hume (A.O. Hume), a retired British civil servant, founded the Indian National Congress in 1885. He believed that a political platform would help channel Indian discontent and prevent another revolt. Lord Lytton was Viceroy during 1876-80, Cripps came in 1942, and Clive was from the 18th century.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, as Chairman of the Drafting Committee, was the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. He is rightly called the 'Father of the Indian Constitution' for his role in shaping its fundamental principles of equality, justice, and fraternity. Nehru was the first Prime Minister and moved the Objectives Resolution.

Nandalal Bose was the renowned Indian artist who was invited to create sketches and illustrations on the theme of National Integration for the original manuscript of the Constitution of India. He was a prominent artist of the Bengal School.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad was born in Zeradei village in Siwan district of Bihar. He served as the first President of India from 1950 to 1962.