Indian Independence Movement

Yashwantrao Chavan became the first Chief Minister of Maharashtra when the state was formed on May 1, 1960. He served from 1960 to 1962 and later held important positions including Home Minister of India. Maharashtra was created by dividing the erstwhile Bombay State.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar served as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constituent Assembly and is widely recognized as the Chief Architect of the Indian Constitution. Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister and chaired the Constituent Assembly, while Wyomesh Chandra Banerjee was the first President of the Indian National Congress. Dadabhai Naoroji was an early independence leader known for his economic critique of British rule.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India, serving from 1950 to 1962. He was a key figure in India's independence movement and was unanimously elected by the Constituent Assembly.

The Commerce Ministry appointed N. Rangachary, a former Chairman of the Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC) and IRDA, as the one-member committee to finalize a viable package for plantation farmers. He was known for his expertise in taxation and regulatory matters. M.S. Swaminathan is a renowned agricultural scientist but was not the appointee for this specific committee.

J. B. Kriplani (Acharya Jivatram Bhagwandas Kriplani) was the President of the Indian National Congress at the time of India's independence in August 1947. He held this position from 1946-1947, overseeing the critical transfer of power period. Notable figures like Gandhi, Nehru, and Patel held other important positions but not Congress President at independence.

Bhikaji Cama started the journal 'Voice of India' in Paris along with other publications like 'Bande Mataram'. She was a prominent nationalist revolutionary who operated from exile in Europe and propagated the cause of Indian independence through her publications and activism.

Satish Chandra Samanta was the Sarbadhinayaka (supreme leader) of the Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar, a parallel government established in Tamluk, Bengal during the Quit India Movement (1942). This government functioned independently of British rule and provided an alternative administration, showcasing the depth of popular participation in the movement.

The Indian Association, founded in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose, organized the first all-India agitation in 1877-78 on the issue of Civil Services reforms. This agitation demanded simultaneous civil services examinations in both England and India, lowering the maximum age limit, and other reforms. The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha (founded 1870) focused on regional Maharashtra issues. The Madras Mahajana Sabha (1884) and Bombay Presidency Association (1885) were formed later.

At the 1920 Nagpur Session of Congress, C.R. Das moved the main resolution on Non-Cooperation Movement. This session formally adopted the Non-Cooperation policy under Gandhi's leadership, marking a significant shift in India's freedom struggle.

The extremists proposed Bal Gangadhar Tilak for Congress President at the 1907 Surat session, which led to the famous split between moderates and extremists. The Surat session was a watershed moment in the nationalist movement.

M.N. Roy (Manabendra Nath Roy) organized the Radical Democratic Party in 1940 after differences with the Communist Party. He was a prominent Indian revolutionary, philosopher, and political theorist who had been associated with international communist movements before forming his own party. The party advocated for a radical democratic alternative to both capitalism and communism.

At the Bombay Session on May 17, 1927, Motilal Nehru moved a resolution calling for the Congress Working Committee to frame India's Constitution in consultation with elected members of Central and Provincial Legislatures and leading political parties. This resolution ultimately led to the appointment of the Nehru Committee (1928) which drafted the Nehru Report.

The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was appointed in 1953 with three members: Justice Fazl Ali (Chairman), K.M. Panikkar, and Hridayanath Kunzru. Potti Sriramulu was NOT a member - he was a Telugu freedom fighter who died in December 1952 after a fast unto death for Andhra state, which actually CREATED the momentum that led to the SRC's formation. His death preceded the commission's appointment.

Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee (also spelled Bannerjee) was the first President of the Indian National Congress. He presided over the first session of the INC held in Bombay in December 1885. Bonnerjee was a prominent lawyer and one of the early leaders who shaped the nationalist movement in its initial years.

The Ghadar Party was formed in 1913 by Lala Hardayal in San Francisco, USA to organize revolutionary activities against British rule in India. Option B is correct. 1917, 1918, and 1923 are incorrect years. Lala Lajpat Rai was a prominent Congress leader, Pandit Jugal Kishore was associated with Hindi journalism, and Udham Singh was a revolutionary who assassinated Michael O'Dwyer in 1940.