Indian Government Organisations and Roles

The National Human Rights commission of India was setup in India to protect Human rights on 12 October  1993. It is responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights defined by the acts as " rights relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity of indivisuals".

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) ) is the regulator for the securities market in India. It was established in the year 1988 and given statutory powers on 12 April 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992. It was established by The Government of India on 12 April 1988 and given statutory powers in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being passed by the Indian Parliament.  SEBI has its headquarters at the business district of in Mumbai, and has Northern, Eastern, Southern and Western Regional Offices in New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Ahmedabad respectively. 

The Planning Commission of India was the body responsible for formulating Five-Year Plans and setting economic targets until it was replaced by NITI Aayog.

Ministry of Surface Transport set up the Road Safety Cell in 1986. The Ministry of Surface Transport was a branch of the Government of India and was the apex body for the formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to surface transport in India.

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is an autonomous body of the Indian Government which is responsible for management and maintenance of a network of National Highways. It works under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.

All the given three authorities are involved in inquiring, investigating and prosecuting corruption cases.

• Central Bureau of investigation is the domestic intelligence and security service of India. It serves as the Nation’s prime federal law enforcement agency under the jurisdiction of the Government of India. The CBI was established in the year 1941 as a special police establishment and was changed to CBI In the year 1963.
  
• Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) was created in the year 1964 to work against governmental corruption.
  
• Respective states have State Anti-Corruption Bureau. This agency is a specialized in fighting corruption in various departments of the Government against Public Servants and Private Persons.
  

Economic policies refers to those policies which are required for efficient functioning of an economy in proper law and order. These policies are framed and implemented by the government of the country in order to run the economy effectively. Therefore, the ultimate responsibility of framing and executing economic policies is that of the government of the country. 

Economic Affairs Department is a branch of Union Government to prepare and check country's economic policies and programmes having a relation on domestic and international aspects of economic management. The main responsibility of this department is the preparation and presentation of the Union budget of the state government under President's Rule and Union territory administrations.

Higher civil services in India comprise of All India services (AIS) and Central Services (Group A) and rank classification system is used for classifying them.

In position classification system, an employee’s rank and salary are a function of the position she holds, i.e. the kind of functions and responsibilities attached to the job. For example, an education secretary will be paid for the work associated with the position and not on other factors like the service alloted to her.

On the contrary, in rank classification system, an employee’s status and salary are determined with reference to the service she is assigned after recruitment and not on the position she holds or the work she does. For example, an IAS officer gets same salary irrespective of the fact whether she works in the field or in secretariat.

Reservation policy means reserving certain percentages of seats for certain marginalised section or backward classes in Government education institution, government jobs, promotions etc. It ensures equal participation and representation of marginalised sections of the society who otherwise cannot avail these opportunities.

Public distribution system (PDS) is an Indian food security system. Established by the Government of India under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution, the scheme is managed jointly by State governments. It distributes subsidized food and non-food items to India's poor.

Food Corporation of India was set up on 14th January, 1965 to implement the following objectives of the National Food Policy:

1. Effective price support operations for safeguarding the interests of the farmers.
2. Distribution of foodgrains throughout the country for Public Distribution System.
3. Maintaining satisfactory level of operational and buffer stocks of foodgrains to ensure National Food Security.
4. Regulate market price to provide foodgrains to consumers at a reliable price.

The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is the nodal Ministry to oversee the interests of the Scheduled Castes. Though the primary responsibility for the promotion of interests of the Scheduled Castes rests with all the Central Ministries in the area of their operations and the State Governments, the Ministry complements their efforts by way of interventions in critical sectors through specifically tailored schemes. The Scheduled Castes Development (SCD) Bureau of the Ministry aims to promote the welfare of Scheduled Castes through their educational, economic and social empowerment. Efforts made by State Governments and Central Ministries for protecting and promoting the interests of Scheduled Castes are also monitored by the bureau.

The Ministry of Tribal Affairs was set up in 1999 after the bifurcation of Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment with the objective of providing more focused approach on the integrated socio-economic development of the Scheduled Tribes (STs), the most underprivileged of the Indian Society, in a coordinated and planned manner. It is the nodal Ministry for overall policy, planning and coordination of programmes for development of STs.