Human Reproductive System

Gametes are the specialized reproductive cells (sperm and egg) that fuse during fertilization. Zygote is the result of fertilization, embryo develops from the zygote, and ovaries produce gametes but are not gametes themselves.

Tubal ligation involves cutting or tying the fallopian tubes to prevent eggs from reaching the uterus and meeting sperm. The ovary produces eggs, seminal vesicle supplies semen fluid in males, and uterus is where implantation occurs - blocking these would not prevent fertilization.

When sperm fertilizes an egg, they fuse to form a zygote - a single diploid cell. The zygote then undergoes cell division to develop into an embryo and eventually a fetus. Gametes are the reproductive cells themselves, not the product of their fusion.

Seminal vesicles produce seminal fluid, which makes up about 60-70% of semen volume. This fluid provides nourishment for sperm and lubricates the urethra and reproductive ducts. The testes produce sperm, vas deferens transports sperm, and scrotum protects testes.

The vagina is part of the female reproductive system and serves as the birth canal. Vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and epididymis are all components of the male reproductive system involved in sperm transport, storage, and seminal fluid production.

Sperm production (spermatogenesis) requires a temperature 2-3°C lower than normal body temperature (37°C). The scrotum's external location maintains this cooler temperature, which is optimal for sperm development and viability. Higher temperatures can impair sperm production.

The urethra serves as a common duct for both the urinary and reproductive systems in males. It carries urine from the bladder to outside the body and also transports semen during ejaculation. The ureter only carries urine from kidneys to bladder, while bladder stores urine and uterus is female reproductive organ.

Yes, it is correct. 

If by IVF, a zygote formed in simulated conditions in a lab is of more than 8 blastomeres, then it will be transferred into the uterus of a female.

Uterus is a female reproductive organ where development of embryo takes place.

This is the correct option as this is not a property of a sperm. It is in fact the ovum that has a thin layer of jelly called 'jelly coat'.

This is the correct option. In frogs, external fertilisation takes place.

This is the correct option as testes make the sperms.

This is the correct option as penis is the male reproductive organ that passes the sperms from the male's body to the female's body.

Mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA, most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio. Thus, these act as the basic unit of DNA packaging in mature sperm cells.