Human Health and Nutrition

The average daily production of saliva in a healthy adult human is typically estimated between 0.5 and 1.5 litres. 1.5 litres is the standard accepted value in physiological textbooks.

WBC or leukocytes are the white blood cells. The WBC cells are divided into granulocytes, consisting of eosinophil, basophil and neutrophil and agranulocytes, consisting of lymphocytes and monocytes. The normal WBC count is about 4000-11000/cmm of blood ,with 65% of neutrophil ,4% eosinophil ,0.5% basophil ,23% lymphocyte and 5% monocyte.

Normal resting blood pressure for a healthy adult is widely accepted as 120 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic.

The normal hemoglobin range for a healthy adult male is typically 13.5 to 17.5 g/dL, and for a female, it is 12.0 to 15.5 g/dL. Option B (12 to 18) is the most accurate range provided.

It is the amount of water excreted daily by a human through urine.

These parameters put a 75 year old diabetic patient on a greater risk of coronary heart disease. Apo A1 is the major protein of HDL. Desirable level for adults is more than 123 mg/dL. Fibrinogen is a protein found in the blood that encourages blood clotting but high levels are linked to an increased risk for heart attack and vascular disease. Normal levels are less than 300 mg/dL.

Blood makes up approximately 7% to 8% of an adult's total body weight. Among the provided choices, 5% is the closest approximation to this physiological fact.

While oxygen consumption varies by activity level, scientific estimates generally place the daily requirement for an average adult at approximately 88 pounds (or roughly 40 kg) of air, of which oxygen is a fraction.

The standard medical reference range for hemoglobin in healthy adult males is typically 13.5 to 17.5 g/dL and for females 12.0 to 15.5 g/dL, making 12 to 18 g/dL the most accurate range provided.

The human body is composed of approximately 70 percent water by mass, which is a standard biological fact.

The average red blood cell (RBC) count for an adult male is typically in the range of 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microliter, with 5.0 million being the standard reference value.

Under the Mid-Day Meal scheme, the government fixed a minimum nutritional requirement of 450 calories for primary school children.

Though water is not one of the five nutrients of balanced diet, but it is a major food component. Minimum water intake by a child should be 2 - 3 litres daily. 

The normal concentration of sodium chloride in human blood is approximately 0.9 percent by mass, which translates to about 900 mg per 100 ml, not the incorrect figures listed in options A through C. Thus, none of the provided numerical options are accurate.