Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,033 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is related to genetic engineering?

  1. Plastid

  2. Plasmid

  3. Mutation

  4. Hybrid vigour

  5. Phasmid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A plasmid is a small DNA molecule that is physically separate from and can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA within a cell.Using this property it is extensively used in the genetic engineering experiments.

Multiple choice

The Bio-Resource Complex Initiative was undertaken by the Department of Biotechnology in order to

  1. create and recognize institutes promoting R&D in biotechnology

  2. utilize scientific manpower in the best manner to develop transgenic plant and animal species

  3. promote genetic engineering as a field of study in urban institutes

  4. utilize rural bio-resources in a more meaningful and sustainable manner
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Department of Biotechnology has taken bold initiatives on the establishment of rural bio-resource complexes in the country with an aim to utilize rural bio-resources in a more meaningful and sustainable manner and to create large number of avenues for the rural community. The concept was supported with an end to end approach and integrated networking, sharing resources, funding and benefits from state resources with technological innovations and S&T and BT inputs.

Multiple choice

Consider the following facts about 'Noori', the cloned goat:

  1. The birth of Noori is not only a breakthrough in the Indian cloning scene, but it is also seen as a step that will bolster Himalayan Cashmere industry.
  2. Like its cloned predecessors, Samrupa and the two Garimas, Noori too was born in the Karnal based National Dairy Research Institute.

Which of the above is/are true?

  1. Only (1)

  2. Only (2)

  3. Both (1) and (2)

  4. Neither (1) nor (2)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Noori is the world's first Pashmina goat clone. The goat was cloned at Sher-i-Kashmir Agriculture University for Science and technology (SKAUST) in cooperation with NDRI.

Multiple choice

The genetically-modified (GM) brinjal in India has been developed for

  1. enhancing shelf life

  2. enhanicing mineral content

  3. drought resistance

  4. insect resistance
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bt brinjal (genetically modified eggplant) was developed with genes from Bacillus thuringiensis to produce insecticidal proteins, providing resistance against the brinjal fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis). It was not developed for shelf life, mineral enhancement, or drought resistance.

Multiple choice

Which important parts are present in pBR322?

  1. Penicillin--Ori--EcoRI; HindIII, EcoRV, BamHI

  2. Lipramycin--EcoRI; HindIII, EcoRV, BamHI

  3. Cephalosporin--Ori--EcoRI; HindIII, EcoRV, BamHI

  4. amp--tet--Ori--EcoRI; HindIII, EcoRV, BamHI

  5. Ampicillin--terramycin--Ori--EcoRI; HindIII, EcoRV, BamHI
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

--amp--tet-- are ampicillin and tetracycline markers for identification and isolation of transformed cloning vectors.

Multiple choice

An ever growing range of chemicals are being manufactured by genetically engineered organisms. Match the column - I (drugs produced by recombinant DNA technology) with column – II (used in the treatment of). Column – I| Column – II| |P. Erythropoietin|1. Lymphoblastic leukaemia| |Q. Factor VIII|2. Haemophilia| |R. Pegaspargase|3. Anaemia| |S. Superoxide dismutase|4. Heart attack|

  1. P - 1, Q - 2, R - 3, S - 4

  2. P - 2, Q - 1, R - 4, S - 3

  3. P - 3, Q - 2, R - 1, S - 4

  4. P - 4, Q - 3, R - 2, S - 1

  5. P - 1, Q - 2, R - 4, S - 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Erythropoietin stimulates the production of RBC in treatment of anaemia. Factor VIII promotes blood clotting in haemophilia. Pegaspargase is used in the treatment of lymphoblastic leukaemia. Superoxide dismutase prevents further damage of heart muscles after heart attack.

Multiple choice

Retroviruses are used for inserting a normal gene into the genome to replace an abnormal disease causing gene in gene therapy of

  1. ADA-SCID
  2. α1-antitrypsin deficiency
  3. Mucoviscidosis
  4. Christmas disease
  5. Rheumatoid arthritis

  1. Only 1 and 2

  2. Only 1, 4 and 5

  3. Only 2, 3 and 4

  4. Only 3 and 4

  5. Only 3, 4 and 5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

First viruses to be used as vectors in gene therapy experiments were retroviruses.
Retroviruses are used for inserting a normal gene into the genome to replace an abnormal disease causing gene. In gene therapy of ADA-SCID or ADA deficiency, haemophilia b, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding Flavr Savr:

1. It is the result of an antisense RNA technology.

2. The expression of polygalacturonase has been reduced in Flavr Savr, which leads to improvement in flavour and longer shelf life.

3. The fruits remain green and hard on the plants, so that they can accumulate more sugar and organic acids that makes the fruits sweeter and tasty.

  1. Only 1

  2. Only 1 and 3

  3. Only 2 and 3

  4. All of the above

  5. NA
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

It is the correct option as all of the statements are correct.

Multiple choice

Assertion (A): Insect resistant transgenic cotton has been produced by inserting Bt gene. Reason (R): The Bt gene is derived from a bacterium.

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

  2. Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A.

  3. A is true, but R is false.

  4. A is false, but R is true.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion. Bacillus thuringiensis is the bacterium which is used in Bt gene of cotton. Bt cotton is insect resistant.

Multiple choice

The 'Human Genome Project' is an initiative

  1. to find cure for human disorders

  2. to map the entire human gene sequence

  3. to promote racial harmony by cross-breeding

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Human Genome Project (1990-2003) was an international scientific research project with the primary goal of determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome. Option A incorrectly states the purpose as finding cures, while option C is completely unrelated to the project's objectives.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding genetic engineering is incorrect?

  1. Genetic engineering does not normally include traditional animal and plant breeding.

  2. If genetic material from another species is added to the host, the resulting organism is called cisgenic.

  3. Genetic engineering alters the genetic make-up of an organism.

  4. It involves macro-injection and micro-encapsulation techniques.

  5. Gene targeting uses homologous recombination.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

If genetic material from another species is added to the host, the resulting organism is called transgenic. If genetic material from the same species or a species that can naturally breed with the host is used, the resulting organism is called cisgenic.

Multiple choice

Which among the following microarrays is utilised by the scientists to produce a global picture of cellular function?

  1. Gene expression profiling

  2. DamID

  3. SNP array

  4. Fusion genes microarray

  5. Tiling array
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gene expression profiling is the measurement of the activity of thousands of genes at once, to create a global picture of cellular function. These profiles can, for example, distinguish between cells that are actively dividing, or show how the cells react to a particular treatment.