Fundamental and Human Rights

The Fundamental Right that aims at the abolition of social distinctions is the right to equality.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly (10 December 1948 at Palais de Chaillot, Paris).
Human Right/Human Rights under "Universal Declaration of Human Rights include:

1. Rights of the individual, such as the right to life and the prohibition of slavery
2. Rights of the individual in civil and political society.
3. Spiritual, public and political freedoms such as freedom of religion and freedom of association.
   
4. Social, economic and cultural rights

 (a)

Statement 1: It is correct. The Fundamental rights are defined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, apply irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed or gender. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions. Statement 2: It is correct. The Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties are sections of the Constitution of India that prescribe the fundamental obligations of the State to its citizens and the duties of the citizens to the State. These sections comprise a constitutional bill of rights for government policy-making and the behaviour and conduct of citizens.  Statement 3: It is incorrect. Fundamental rights are basic human rights of all citizens irrespective of minors or majors. Statement 4: It is correct. Right to Education is not a fundamental right in Jammu and Kashmir. The relationship of the state with the Indian Union is governed by Article 370 of the Constitution of India; the provisions of the Constitution of India with regard to the fundamental rights have been applied to the state through the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 promulgated by the President.  Hence, the correct option is 4.

Both statements are correct. The Nehru Committee Report (1928) laid the groundwork for many fundamental rights, and the 1931 Karachi Resolution is widely recognized as the precursor to the Directive Principles of State Policy.

The First Amendment protects freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition. A jury trial is guaranteed by the Sixth and Seventh Amendments, not the First.

The 9th Amendment states that people have rights beyond those listed in the Constitution, and the 10th Amendment reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people.

The Sixth Amendment guarantees several rights to the accused in criminal prosecutions, including the right to a speedy and public trial, an impartial jury, and the assistance of counsel.

Unalienable rights are a central theme of the Declaration of Independence. Therefore, the statement that they were left out of the document is false.

The 6th Amendment guarantees the rights of criminal defendants, including the right to a public trial without unnecessary delay, the right to a lawyer, and the right to confront witnesses.

The 6th Amendment explicitly guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial for those accused of crimes.

The 6th Amendment guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury and the right to have the assistance of counsel for one's defense.

The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, includes the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause, which prohibit states from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

The 10th Amendment states that powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, which explicitly protect individual liberties and rights from government infringement.