Tag: criminal justice system

The appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court can be invoked by a certificate granted by the High Court concerned under Article 132(1), 133(1) or 134 of the constitution, involving substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the constitution. In criminal cases an appeal lies to the Supreme Court if the High Court has convicted the accused and sentenced him to death or to imprisonment for life or for a period of not less than 10 years.     

Criminal courts exercise jurisdiction in cases related to murder, robbery, theft, assault, etc. The Criminal Courts can be broadly classified as:
1. Sessions Court 2. Court of Chief Metropolitan Magistrate 3. Court of the first class magistrates 4. Court of the second-class magistrates 5. Court of the third class magistrates.

It is with the registration of an FIR that the police can begin their investigations into a crime. The law states that it is compulsory for an officer in charge of a police station to register an FIR whenever a person gives information about a cognizable offence. This information can be given to the police either orally or in writing. The FIR usually mentions the date, time and place of the offence, details the basic facts of the offence, including a description of the events. 

Article 22 (1) and (2) confers four following fundamental rights upon a person who has been arrested:

1. Right to be informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest.
2. Right to consult and to be defended by a legal practitioner of his choice.
3. Right to be produced before the nearest magistrate within twenty-four hours of his arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the Court of Magistrate.
4. Right not to be detained in custody beyond the period of twenty-four hours without the authority of the Magistrate.

Civil courts exercise jurisdiction in the cases related to land, property and money transactions; arbitration; guardianship, marriages; divorce; and cases involving a Will. These courts are graded in the following manner:
1. The Court of the district Judge.
2. Court of Civil Judge.
3. Munisf's Courts.
4. Courts of small causes.

IPC Stands for Indian penal code extends to the whole of India except the states of Jammu and Kashmir and is an extensive law that covers all the substantive aspects of criminal law from nuisance at public places to murder, rape etc.

A First Information Report (FIR) is a written document prepared by police organizations in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan when they receive information about the commission of a cognizable offence. It is generally a complaint lodged with the police by the victim of a cognizable offense or by someone on his or her behalf, but anyone can make such a report either orally or in writing to the police.

A First Information Report (FIR) is a written document prepared by police in India when they receive information about the commission of a cognizable offence. It is generally a complaint lodged with the police by the victim of a cognizable offense or by someone on his or her behalf, but anyone can make such a report either orally or in writing to the police.

Article 22 of the Indian Constitution and Criminal law guarantee to every arrested person the following fundamental rights:-