Fundamental and Human Rights

Protecting monuments and places of national importance is a Directive Principle of State Policy under Article 49. Fundamental Duties, listed in Article 51A, include respecting the National Anthem, safeguarding public property, and protecting the natural environment. Distinguishing between Part IV (DPSPs) and Part IV-A (Fundamental Duties) is essential for understanding constitutional obligations.

The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added four new Directive Principles to the Constitution: Article 39 (opportunities for healthy development of children), Article 39A (free legal aid), Article 43A (participation of workers in management), and Article 48A (protection of environment). Minimizing inequalities in income and status was added later by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 under Article 38. Therefore, only statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct.

Option (1) is incorrect: Article 14 states equality before law. Option (2) is incorrect: Article 19 states Right to Freedom. Option (3) is incorrect: Right to Property earlier was included under Article 31 as a Fundamental Right. Option (4) is correct: Article 300-A states Right to Property as a legal right.

The Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32) is one of the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution, allowing citizens to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of their rights.

While a state provides services, protects, and promotes welfare, it is not a duty to simply command the people for the sake of power; its authority is meant to be exercised for the common good.

The idiom ‘to stand up’ means to assert for something. This is the correct answer. The idiom ‘tostand by’ means to wait, ‘stand over’ means to be deferred or postponed. The idiom ‘to stand in’ forsomeone, means to substitute for someone.

Freedom of movement is considered a civil liberty, as it pertains to the basic rights of an individual to live and move freely within a society under the protection of the law.

The duty of parents to provide education to children between 6 and 14 years of age was added as the 11th Fundamental Duty (Article 51A(k)) by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.

Rights and duties are closely related and cannot be separated from one another. Both go side by side. These are the two sides of the same coin. If the state gives the right to life to a citizen, it also imposes an obligation on him to not to expose his life to dangers, as well as to respect the life of others.

'Liberty is the right of doing whatever the laws permit' is a statement attributed to Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu.

The right to strike is not a Fundamental Right under the Indian Constitution; it is a statutory right subject to specific conditions. The other options are explicitly listed as Fundamental Rights.

Civics focuses on the rights, duties, and responsibilities of citizens in a state. Promoting liberty is a core objective of civic education to ensure a free and functioning society.

When the legislature in a state fails to function, the Government of India suspend both the rights of habeas corpus and freedom of speech and yet retain its democratic character.

Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. Articles 15-18 further elaborate on aspects of the Right to Equality.

Under the Indian Constitution, certain Fundamental Rights can be suspended by the President during a declared national emergency.