Fundamental and Human Rights

The abolition of untouchability is provided under Article 17 of the Indian Constitution. This article is part of the Right to Equality, which spans from Article 14 to Article 18. This right ensures that no individual is discriminated against or subjected to social disabilities based on their birth or caste.

Altering the name of a state is the power of the Parliament under Article 3, not the State Legislature. While the President refers the bill to the state legislature for its views, the Parliament has the final authority to pass the law. The other pairs correctly match the constitutional provisions regarding equality and state creation.

The Golaknath vs State of Punjab case (1967) is a landmark judgment where the Supreme Court ruled that Fundamental Rights cannot be curtailed by Parliament. Other cases like State of West Bengal vs Union of India primarily dealt with federalism and the distribution of powers. Golaknath set the stage for the eventual 'Basic Structure' doctrine established in the Kesavananda Bharati case.

In the Golaknath vs State of Punjab case (1967), the Supreme Court ruled that Fundamental Rights are given a transcendental position and the Parliament has no power to amend them. This decision was later modified in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), which introduced the Basic Structure doctrine. The Golaknath ruling specifically focused on the limitation of Article 368 regarding Part III of the Constitution.

Protecting monuments and places of national importance is a Directive Principle of State Policy under Article 49. Fundamental Duties, listed in Article 51A, include respecting the National Anthem, safeguarding public property, and protecting the natural environment. Distinguishing between Part IV (DPSPs) and Part IV-A (Fundamental Duties) is essential for understanding constitutional obligations.

The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added four new Directive Principles to the Constitution: Article 39 (opportunities for healthy development of children), Article 39A (free legal aid), Article 43A (participation of workers in management), and Article 48A (protection of environment). Minimizing inequalities in income and status was added later by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 under Article 38. Therefore, only statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct.

Option (1) is incorrect: Article 14 states equality before law. Option (2) is incorrect: Article 19 states Right to Freedom. Option (3) is incorrect: Right to Property earlier was included under Article 31 as a Fundamental Right. Option (4) is correct: Article 300-A states Right to Property as a legal right.

The Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32) is one of the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution, allowing citizens to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of their rights.

While a state provides services, protects, and promotes welfare, it is not a duty to simply command the people for the sake of power; its authority is meant to be exercised for the common good.

The idiom ‘to stand up’ means to assert for something. This is the correct answer. The idiom ‘tostand by’ means to wait, ‘stand over’ means to be deferred or postponed. The idiom ‘to stand in’ forsomeone, means to substitute for someone.

Freedom of movement is considered a civil liberty, as it pertains to the basic rights of an individual to live and move freely within a society under the protection of the law.

The duty of parents to provide education to children between 6 and 14 years of age was added as the 11th Fundamental Duty (Article 51A(k)) by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002.

Rights and duties are closely related and cannot be separated from one another. Both go side by side. These are the two sides of the same coin. If the state gives the right to life to a citizen, it also imposes an obligation on him to not to expose his life to dangers, as well as to respect the life of others.

'Liberty is the right of doing whatever the laws permit' is a statement attributed to Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu.

The right to strike is not a Fundamental Right under the Indian Constitution; it is a statutory right subject to specific conditions. The other options are explicitly listed as Fundamental Rights.