Biology · Geography

Fossils and Geological Eras

1,078 Questions

Fossils and geological eras provide a window into the history of the Earth. This topic covers prehistoric life, mass extinctions, and the geological time scale. It is an important part of the general science syllabus for many aptitude tests.

Geological time scaleTypes of fossilsPrehistoric lifeAncient climates

Fossils and Geological Eras Questions

Multiple choice biology main natural resources classification of threatened species red data book conservation of wildlife

Mass extinction of species has occurred during

  1. Permian

  2. KT Boundary

  3. Pleistocene

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

When there are no more individuals of a species (plant or animal) alive anywhere in the world, the species is said to be extinct. Extinction is also known as the process of dying out. The process is a completely natural part of evolution. But sometimes extinctions happen at a higher and a faster rate than usual. Factors such as large body size, small population, and position at a higher trophic level favour extinction. Mass extinction of species has occurred during Permian, KT Boundary and Pleistocene period.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

In which one of the following geological periods did the first land plants appear?

  1. Precambrian

  2. Permian

  3. Silurian

  4. Carboniferous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The first fossil evidence of land plants, such as vascular plants like Cooksonia, dates back to the Silurian period of the Paleozoic era.

Multiple choice geography inside our earth the earth's structure structure of the earth our world components of earth earth and structure

A period of the earth's geological history, about 55 million years old, is called __________.

  1. The primary age

  2. The secondary age

  3. The tertiary age

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In the earth's ecological history time period which is about 55 million years old was called the primary age.

It is estimated that during this period only the climate event started. during this time configuration of oceans and continents was also different.

Multiple choice zoology living and non living characteristics of life attributes of living organisms signs of life biology : an introduction living world and classification

If you go back in the history approx. 4500 million years back when atmosphere was reducing the organism were

  1. Autotroph, aerobic

  2. Chemo-autotroph, anaerobic

  3. Chemo-heterotroph, anaerobic

  4. Heterotroph, anaerobic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The first living organisms developed in reducingatmosphere were chemo heterotrophs as they required readymade organic materials as food and anaerobes asthey were capable of  espiration in the absence of oxygen.

Multiple choice zoology living and non living characteristics of life attributes of living organisms signs of life biology : an introduction living world and classification

Professor Birbal Sahani discovered 100 million years old fossil plant from fossil forest at Rajmahal Hills, Bihar. This plant was

  1. Rhynia

  2. Horneophyton

  3. Williamsonia

  4. Red alga
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In 1932 Palaeontologica Indica, Birbal Sahni added an account of the Bennettitalean plant that he named Williamsonia sewardi.

So, the correct answer is 'Williamsonia'.

Multiple choice biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

........... is a living fossil.

  1. Drepanaspis

  2. Lamprey

  3. Cephalaspis

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Petromyzen or Lamprey is a living fossil. The sea lamprey lacks bony teeth and jaws. It has an oral armament of conical teeth made of keratin. The lamprey even has teeth on its tongue. The oral apparatus of the adult lamprey is a sucking disk lined with whorls of over 100 of these teeth. 

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology animal behaviour ethology natural selection coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following dinosaurs had huge fearsome dagger like teeth and was about $20$ feet in height? 

  1. Ichthyosaurs

  2. Tyrannosaurus

  3. Pelycosaurs

  4. Therapsids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Tyrannosaurus rex was a massive carnivorous dinosaur known for its huge, dagger-like teeth and towering height of about 20 feet, fitting the exact description provided.

Multiple choice biology animal behaviour ethology natural selection coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Identify the correct chronological sequence of periods of Mesozoic era:

  1. $Carboniferous \, \rightarrow \, Permian\, \rightarrow \, Triassic\, \rightarrow \, Jurassic\, \rightarrow \, Cretaceous.$
  2. $Cretaceous \, \rightarrow \, Permian\, \rightarrow \, Jurassic\, \rightarrow \, Triassic\, \rightarrow \, Cretaceous.$
  3. $Biogeography.$
  4. $Carboniferous \, \rightarrow \, Jurassic\, \rightarrow \, Permian\, \rightarrow \, Triassic\, \rightarrow \, Cretaceous.$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given .
Which of the following pairs of occurrence and date is not correct?

  1. Origin of multicellular organisms650 million years ago

  2. Origin of eukaryotic cells1.5 billion years ago

  3. Origin of prokaryotic cells1.5 billion years ago

  4. All of the above are incorrect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The prokaryotic cells lack the nucleus and were the first and simplest life forms and were originated 3.8 billion years ago. But the eukaryotic cells originated 1.5 billion years ago were complex than prokaryotes as they contained the nucleus and the most complex forms called multicellular organisms originated about 600 million years ago. So, the correct option is "origin of eukaryotic cells 1.5 billion years ago".

Multiple choice biology animal behaviour ethology coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following is not true?

  1. Small sized reptiles of dinosaurs of that era still exist today

  2. Tyrannosaurs rex was about 20 feet in height and had huge some dagger like teeth.

  3. Dinosaur extinct, a possible reason may be most of them has evolved into birds

  4. Giant ferns fell to form coal deposits very fast
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Coal deposits were formed over millions of years from ancient plant matter, not very fast. The other statements are generally accepted scientific or historical claims regarding dinosaurs.

Multiple choice zoology microbes in human welfare biofertilizers microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers manuring

Cyanobacteria came into existence ....... years ago.

  1. 2.9 billion

  2. 3.4 billion

  3. 1 million

  4. 44 thousands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Stromatolites are layered bio-chemical structures formed in shallow water by the trapping, binding and cementation of sediments by microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria. Stromatolites provide ancient records of life on earth by fossil remains, which might date from more than 3.5 billion years ago.

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

In evolutionary history, in which one of the following periods did the flowering plants make their first appearance?

  1. Certaceous of Mesozoic era

  2. Pleocene of cenopzic era

  3. Devonian of Paleozoic

  4. Permian of Paleozoic era
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Angiosperms first appeared in the Early Cretaceous Period of the Mesozoic Era. Fossil records from approximately 130-140 million years ago show the earliest definitive flowering plant evidence.