Biology · Law Legal Studies

Forensic Science Techniques

654 Questions

Forensic science techniques involve the application of scientific methods like DNA fingerprinting, biometrics, and trace evidence analysis to solve crimes. These topics appear in specialized law enforcement and general science exams. Practice these questions to understand forensic fundamentals.

DNA fingerprinting methodsTrace evidence transferBiometrics and identificationForensic pathology

Forensic Science Techniques Questions

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

DNA fingerprinting is done for ___________________.

  1. Crime investigation

  2. Detection of Hair colour

  3. Gender of the offspring

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

DNA profiling or fingerprinting is used in, parentage testing and criminal investigation, to identify a person or to place a person at a crime scene, techniques which are now employed globally in forensic science to facilitate police detective work and help clarify paternity and immigration disputes. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

Science connected with identification in criminal activities and law is

  1. Medical transcription

  2. Pathology

  3. Forensic science

  4. Computational biology
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Forensic science is the application of science to the law. In criminal cases, forensic scientists are often involved in the search for an examination of physical traces which might be useful for establishing or excluding an association between someone suspected of committing a crime and the scene of the crime or victim. 

So, the correct option is 'Forensic science'.

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

The technique used in correct identification of individuals and relations is

  1. Forensic science

  2. Human reproductive biology

  3. Microbiology

  4. DNA fingerprinting
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

DNA fingerprinting is a method used to identify an individual from a sample of DNA by looking at unique patterns in their DNA. DNA is present in blood, hair, semen and various other body cells which can be used to isolate DNA for the process of DNA fingerprinting.

Also, DNA pattern shows the similarity between related especially parents and siblings. Hence, it can be used to establish relations.
So, the correct option is 'DNA fingerprinting'.

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

Best method to determine paternity is

  1. Protein analysis

  2. Chromosome counting

  3. Gene counting

  4. DNA finger printing
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

About 3% or so of the human genome has highly repetitive sequences termed as simple-sequence DNA or satellite DNA that are repeated in multiples per cell and generate tandem repeats. This DNA polymorphism is revealed during DNA finger printing in the identification of paternity since it is very remote possibility to have two individuals same repeats of satellite DNA throughout the genome except they share a biological relationship. This is because a child gets half DNA from father and half from the mother. Restriction enzymes of genome produce the restriction fragments length polymorphisms, or RFLPs depending on the location of restriction sites which are then sorted by gel electrophoresis followed by southern blotting. The blots of parental and child genome are compared for sequence homology using radioactive probes; option D is correct. 

Protein analysis studies protein structure and function using sequence comparisons, structural and functional assumptions which are useful in the detection of expression of newly introduced genes or in the detection of phylogenetic relationship; two individual do not necessarily express protein polymorphism which makes option A incorrect. 
As we know that all human have 23 pairs of chromosomes which store around 20,000-25,000 genes; chromosome counting and gene counting does not provide any polymorphism to identify paternity which makes options B and C incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

DNA finger printing is useful in

  1. Study of polymorphism

  2. Forensic chemical analysis

  3. Analysis of identity and relationship

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

DNA fingerprinting is a versatile technique used for identifying individuals, determining biological relationships, and analyzing genetic polymorphism in forensic and medical contexts.

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

A - The DNA finger print is the same for every cell, tissue and organ of a person.
R - DNA fingerprint is used for treatment of inherited disorders like Huntigton's disease, Alzheimer's and Sickle cell anemia.

  1. A and R both are correct. R is explanation of A

  2. A and R both are correct but R is not explanation of A

  3. A is correct and R is wrong

  4. A is wrong and R is correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

DNA fingerprint is the unique DNA pattern of each individual. It is the same for every cell, tissue and organ of an individual. DNA fingerprinting is a method used to identify an individual on the basis of unique patterns of its DNA. It is used in the diagnosis of inherited disorders like cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Sickle cell anemia.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

DNA probes used in finger printing are

  1. Highly sensitive electron microscope

  2. UV beams

  3. DNA segments having radioactive isotopes

  4. X-ray scanners
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

DNA probes used in fingerprinting are single-stranded DNA segments labeled with radioactive isotopes (or fluorescent markers) to detect complementary sequences on the membrane.

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

In DNA finger printing, analysis is made of

  1. Satellite DNA

  2. Moderately repetitive sequences

  3. Microsatellites

  4. Variable number of tandem repeats
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

DNA fingerprinting relies on detecting variations in specific repetitive DNA regions. Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) are highly polymorphic sequences used as markers for individual identification.