Famous Personalities and Discoveries

Sir Isaac Newton formulated the Law of Universal Gravitation in 1687, published in his work Principia Mathematica. This law explains the gravitational attraction between two masses and is foundational to classical physics.

 Gregor Mendel, known as the "father of modern genetics", was born in Austria in 1822.

This is the correct option as Marie Francois Xavier is considered as the 'father of histology'.

Correct option is (1).

Anton van Leeuwenhoek is known as the Father of Microscopy for his pioneering work in making high-quality single-lens microscopes and being the first to observe and document microorganisms like bacteria and protozoa in the 1670s.

The rings of saturn are the most extensive planetary ring system of any planet in the solar system. They consist of countless small particles ranging in size from micrometres to metres that orbit about saturn. In 1610, Galileo Galilei first turned a telescope to the sky, he became the very first person to observe Saturn's rings, though he could not see them well enough to discern their true nature.

Allen divided the sources of Law into formal sources and material sources.

Salmond is the propounder of ‘pigeon hole’ theory.

Francis Huber is universally regarded as the father of modern bee science and his Nouvelles Observations sur Les Abeilles (or New Observations on Bees) revealed all the basic scientific truths for the biology and ecology of honeybees.

Aristotle defined mathematics as “the science of quantity.

Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876), commonly referred to as K.V. Baer, is widely regarded as the father of modern embryology. He discovered the mammalian ovum (egg cell) and established the germ layer theory, showing that early embryos of different vertebrates are remarkably similar (von Baer's laws). Theophrastus studied botany, while Darwin and Lamarck are known for evolutionary theory, not embryology.

Herbart advocated five formal steps in teaching: (1) Preparation — a process of relating new material to be learned to relevant past ideas or memories in order to give the pupil a vital interest in the topic under consideration.  (2) Presentation — presenting new material by means of concrete objects or actual experience.  (3) Association — thorough assimilation of the new ideas through comparison with former ideas and consideration of their similarities and differences in order to implant the new ideas in the mind.  (4) Generalisation — a procedure especially important to the instruction of adolescents and designed to develop the mind beyond the level of perception and the concrete.  (5) Application — using acquired knowledge not in a purely utilitarian way but so that every learned idea becomes a part of the functional mind and an aid to a clear, vital interpretation of life. This step is presumed possible only if the student immediately applies the new idea, making it his own.

Charles Lyell propounded the principles of geology explaining the various geological changes on the Earth's surface.

John Selden said that 'Ignorance of the law excuses no man; not that all men know the law, but because it is an excuse every man will plead and no man can tell how to refute him'.

Statement 1 is correct. Nicolaus Copernicus is known as the father of modern astronomy. Statement 2 is incorrect. Galileo Galilee was the first who used the telescope to make detailed studies of heavenly bodies.