Equity Shares and Capital

In the Indian telecom sector during the mid-2000s, Value Added Services (VAS) such as ringtones, caller tunes, SMS services, and mobile entertainment typically contributed around 10% to total telecom revenue. This was considered a healthy and growing segment at the time.

 It is a specific reserve, since it is created to maintain a steady rate of dividend for each year when the profits are low.

A Golden Share is a nominal share that gives its holder the power to veto changes to the company's charter, often used by governments in privatized companies.

This is a factual question about Indian financial markets. India has multiple stock exchanges including major ones like BSE and NSE, with approved regional exchanges totaling 24 historically. This is static GK requiring memorization.

The BSE Power Index consists of a specific number of companies from the power sector; 14 was the correct count at the time of the question's origin.

For a trading company, rent received is not part of its primary business operations. Therefore, it is classified as non-operating income.

92.60%

Preference Shares carry a stated Rate of Return. In ratio analysis, it measures the ability of the company, to pay dividend on preference shares, which is very critical for a company.

Right answer because we can find it only by Earning Per Share/Market Price Per share.

Dividend is not paid on calls in advance. Subscribed capital is total capital applied by the public. Called up capital is capital called by the company but may or may not be paid by the shareholders.

In 2010, the SEBI increased the investment limit for retail individual investors in IPOs to Rs. 2 lakh. This was done to encourage broader participation in the stock market.

Operating leverage measures a firm's fixed operating costs and its sensitivity to changes in sales revenue. Since preference dividends are financing and capital structure costs rather than operating expenses, they are ignored when calculating operating leverage.

The Modigliani-Miller (MM) theorem, in its original form, posits that under perfect market conditions, the value of a firm is independent of its capital structure and dividend policy.

According to Walter's model, when r > k (growth firm), the firm should retain earnings to reinvest at a higher rate, meaning it should have a 0% dividend payout ratio, not 10%.