Commerce Accountancy · Economics

Equity Shares and Capital

424 Questions

Equity shares and capital topics deal with corporate share issuance, forfeiture rules, dividend distributions, and yield calculations. Questions require an understanding of financial instruments like preference shares and call options. These concepts are essential for accountancy and commerce examinations.

Share valuationDividend yieldPreference sharesShare forfeitureCapital structure

Equity Shares and Capital Questions

Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

More than 50% of the shares are held by Company B in Company 
A, thus _________________.

  1. B is the holing company of A

  2. B is a subsidiary company of A

  3. B is both A & B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

More than 50% of the shares are held by Company B in Company. 
A, thus: B is both the holding company as well as a subsidiary company.

Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

Preference shares are those which carry the preferential as to ___________________.

  1. The payment of dividend at a fixed rate

  2. The return of capital on winding up of the company

  3. Both (A) & (B)

  4. Either (A) or (B)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The capital raised by issue of preference shares is called preference share capital. Preference share holders enjoy preferential position over equity in two ways i.e the payment of dividend at a fixed rate & the return of capital on liquidation of company.
Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

Which of the following can be treated as type of shares?

  1. Equity

  2. Preference share

  3. Both (A) & (B)

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A business can raise funds from various sources. Each of the source has unique characteristics, raising through shares is a type of source of funds. The capital obtained by issue of shares is known as share capital. Equity shares and preference shares are treated as types of shares. Equity shares are owner's share capital 
Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

Which of the following right may be given to preference shareholders if provided by Articles?

  1. To participate in the surplus profits remaining after payment of equity dividend

  2. To receive arrears of dividend at the time of winding up

  3. To receive premium on redemption of preference shares

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

If provided by the Articles of Association, the following rights may be given to the shareholders of preferential shares:
To participate in the surplus profits remaining after payment of equity dividend

To receive arrears of dividend at the time of liquidation
To receive premium on redemption of preference shares.

Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

________means the appropriation of a certain number of shares to an applicant who has applied shares in public issue by the board of directors in consultation with stock exchange.

  1. Allotment

  2. Application

  3. Acceptance

  4. Final call
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The allotment of shares is the issuing of new shares to the existing shareholders or to third parties. The Directors of a Company may allot shares in the capital of the Company, if they have the authority to do so. Some examples where allotment of shares may be used are as follows:
• To raise money for the Company
• To introduce new investors such as BES investors
• To allow Enterprise Ireland or Enterprise Board Investors
• To convert loans to share capital
• To introduce a golden share
• To put in place a group structure
• To fund a redemption of shares
• To implement a bonus issue of shares
Directors may not allot shares unless they have the power to do so. The Directors power to allot shares expires 5 years from the date of incorporation or 5 years from the last renewal of the power to allot. If the authority to allot shares has not been renewed in the last 5 years then it should be renewed prior to any proposed allotment. This can be renewed by the Members passing an Ordinary Resolution prior to the allotment.
A company must have sufficient unissued authorised share capital before new shares may be allotted by the Directors. If the Company does not have sufficient unissued share capital or is setting up a new share class this must be approved by the members passing a special resolution.
The Memorandum and Articles of Association and any shareholder agreements should be reviewed for regulations on pre-emption rights, unissued share capital and other provisions that may affect the allotment of shares. The shares may be allotted for cash, non-cash and may be allotted at a premium.
Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

Which of the following rights may be given to preference shareholder if provided by Articles?

  1. To participate in the surplus remaining after the equity shares are redeemed in winding up.

  2. To participate in the surplus profits remaining after payment of equity dividend.

  3. To receive arrears of dividend at the time of winding up.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

If provided by the Articles of Association, the following rights may be given to the shareholders of preferential shares are:
To participate in the surplus profits remaining after payment of equity dividend

To receive arrears of dividend at the time of liquidation
To receive premium on redemption of preference shares.

Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

When shares are issued at a price less than the face value, they are said to be issued at __________.

  1. Discount

  2. Premium

  3. Par

  4. None of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Issue of shares at discount: When the shares are issued at a price lower than the face value, they are said to be issued at discount.
Any company could not offer the shares at discount when
• It is a new company
• It is a new class of shares even though of an old company
The discount on issue of shares is treated as a loss of capital nature.
For e.g.
Let the share is issued at Rs. 90 then it is called that share is issued at the discount of Rs 10 (Rs 100 –Rs. 90).
Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

The premium on issue of shares must be credited to a separate account 

called ________________.

  1. Share Premium Account

  2. Securities Premium Account

  3. Discount on Issue of Shares

  4. Securities Profits Account
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Securities Premium Account:-
When shares are issued at an amount more than the nominal value or par value, it is called shares issued at premium. The premium amount thus received is credited to a separate account called ‘Securities Premium Account’ and is shown on the liabilities side of the company’s balance sheet under the head ‘Reserves and Surpluses’.
Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

When shares are not payable in a lump sum, third instalment is called ______________.

  1. Application Money

  2. Allotment Money

  3. First Call Money

  4. Final Call money
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

 Final call: The remaining amount of the shares allotted is called up by writing a letter to the shareholders which are known as calls on the share. Such remaining amount is called up after receiving the allotment money. The balance of share money can be called up either in one or two installments. If the entire balance of share is called up at once, it is called ‘first and final call’. However, if the balance of share is called up in two different installments, it is called first call and second and final call respectively.

Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

When shares are issued at a price higher than the face value, they are said to be issued at ____________.

  1. Discount

  2. Premium

  3. Par

  4. None of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Issue of Shares at Premium: When shares are issued at a price higher than the face value then it is called as the issue of shares at premium. The excess of issue price over the face value is the amount of premium. The premium on issue of shares is treated as revenue profits.
For e.g.
Let the share is issued at Rs. 120 then it is called that share is issued at a premium of Rs 20 (Rs 120 –Rs. 100).
Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

When shares are not payable in a lump sum, second instalment is called ____________.

  1. Application Money

  2. Allotment Money

  3. First Call Money

  4. Final Call Money
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

 Allotment Money: The company allots the shares among different applicants after receiving their share application money. The allotment of shares implies that the company has accepted the application of the subscribers and decided to give shares to them. The company sends letters to the applicants intending to subscribe the shares which are called ‘Letter of Allotment’. The letter of allotment provides the information about the number of shares allotted to the subscribers and the amount to be paid by them as the allotment money.

Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

If the number of shares applied for is more than the number of shares issued the shares are said to be ____________.

  1. Oversubscribed

  2. Undersubscribed

  3. Minimum subscription

  4. None of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Oversubscribed:-
Over subscription of shares refers to the situation when the number of shares applied for is more than the number of shares offered for subscription. But it is also true that company cannot allot shares more than those offered for subscription. In case of over-subscription, a company cannot allot shares more than those offered for subscription.
In the case of over-subscription, the company cannot allot shares to all the applicants in full. To deal with the situation, three alternatives are:

• First Alternatives- Some applications are accepted in full and excess applications are rejected and money is refunded instantly. This is known as Rejection of Applications. For example, company invites application for 60,000 shares. However the application received are for 80,000 shares. In this alternative, the excess application that is 20,000 will be outright rejected.

• Second Alternatives- Applicants may also be allotted shares in fixed proportions. This is known as Pro rata Allotment or Partial allotment. For example, in the above case, allotment of shares in the ratio of 6 shares for 8 applied.

• Third Alternatives- A combination of above two alternatives can also be adopted. In this, a company may accept some applications and reject some. Then proportional allotment may be made to the remaining. Considering above example, instead of rejecting 20,000 applications, company can give shares to 10000 applicants on pro rata basis and reject the remaining applications.
Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

If the numbers of shares issued for is more than the number of shares applied the shares are said to be ___________.

  1. Oversubscribed

  2. Undersubscribed

  3. Minimum subscription

  4. None of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Undersubscribed:-

The number of shares for which applications were invited and the number of shares for which applications were received are exactly the same. However, in practice, these two figures will rarely coincide. The number of shares for which applications are received may be more or less than the number of shares for which applications are invited.
If the number of shares applied by the public is less, the issue is said to be under-subscribed, if more, then it is said to be over-subscribed; for example if a company invites applications for 10,000 shares and applications are received from public for 8,000 shares the issue is said to be under- subscribed.
Multiple choice commercial studies sources of business finance - 2 preference shares equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares

Preference shares carry preferential rights with respect to _____________.

  1. Payment of dividend

  2. Repayment of capital

  3. Both (A) & (B)

  4. Neither (A) nor (B)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
As per companies act, 2013, preference share capital is defined as instruments which have preferential right with respect to dividend payment (fixed/ on percentage basis) and repayment of capital during winding up of the company.
Multiple choice organisation of commerce and management sources of business finance - 2 equity and preference shares equity shares and preference shares non-institutional sources - long-term

 Excessive ploughing-back may cause dissatisfaction among the shareholders as they would get _______ dividends.

  1. Higher

  2. Lower

  3. No

  4. Constant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Excessive ploughing-back may cause dissatisfaction among the shareholders as they would get lower dividends. Excessive ploughing back of profits will result in over capitalization which will in turn lead to decrease in ROI.