Equity Shares and Capital

Market Value Added (MVA) specifically measures the excess of the market value of a company over the capital invested in it. MVA = Market Value of Firm - Total Capital Invested, showing how much value management has created beyond what investors originally contributed. Option C describes Economic Value Added (EVA), which is different from MVA.

Earnings Per Share is indeed the most widely quoted financial performance measure, represents the monetary return to common shareholders, and is calculated as (Net Income - Preferred Dividends) divided by weighted average shares outstanding. Since all three statements are true, option C is correct. EPS is a fundamental metric that investors and analysts use universally to compare profitability across companies.

The Dividend Yield Ratio is specifically calculated as Dividends Per Share divided by Market Price Per Share, showing the percentage return an investor receives from dividends relative to the stock price. This ratio helps income-focused investors evaluate the cash return from their investment. Option A describes Return on Equity, Option C is Operating Margin, and Option D contains a typo ('toatal' instead of 'total').

The PE ratio (Price-to-Earnings) is calculated as Price divided by EPS. Rearranging this formula gives Price = PE × EPS. This is the fundamental relationship between share price, PE ratio, and earnings per share.

Google's IPO did occur in 2004, but the offering price was \$85 per share, not \$40. The stock opened at \$100 on the first day of trading. Therefore, option B (fiction) is correct because the \$40 figure is wrong. Option C's $400 claim is also incorrect.

Different exchanges establish their own lot sizes based on local market conventions and contract specifications. For example, NSE (India) and NYSE (USA) have different lot sizes for the same security due to varying market structures and regulatory requirements. Lot standardization varies across global exchanges.

EPS stands for Earnings Per Share. It's a key financial metric calculated by dividing a company's net income by the number of outstanding shares. It shows how much profit the company generates for each share of stock. The other options are not standard financial abbreviations.

Stock split divides each existing share into multiple shares, reducing price per share proportionally while keeping total market capitalization unchanged. It does not create new equity or increase the company's capital base - only the number of outstanding shares changes.

ESOPs are classified as fringe benefits - additional compensation beyond regular salary and wages. They're not direct salary, not typically considered bonuses (which are one-time payments), and 'perks' is too informal a term for this structured compensation mechanism.

EPS stands for Earnings Per Share, a key financial ratio showing company profit per outstanding share. Options B, C, and D use incorrect words like 'Permanent', 'Peak', and 'Past'.

EPS stands for Earnings Per Share, a key financial metric calculated as net income minus preferred dividends, divided by outstanding common shares. It measures profitability per share and is used in P/E ratios. Options B, C, and D are incorrect expansions.

EPS stands for Earnings Per Share, a key financial ratio calculated by dividing a company's net income (minus preferred dividends) by the number of outstanding common shares. It's used to measure profitability on a per-share basis and is important for investors comparing companies.

Dividend per share is 9% of Rs. 20 = Rs. 1.80. The man wants this Rs. 1.80 to represent a 12% return on his investment (Market Value). So, 0.12 * MV = 1.80, which gives MV = 1.80 / 0.12 = 15. Other values do not yield a 12% return.

A 12% stock means a Rs.100 face value yields Rs.12. If the market yield is 10%, then 10% of the Market Value = Rs.12. Market Value = 12 / 0.10 = 120. Thus, the stock is quoted at 120.

Dividend per share = 15% of Rs.150 = Rs.22.50. The man gets a 10% return on his investment price (P). So, 10% of P = 22.50. Solving for P gives P = 22.50 / 0.10 = Rs.225. Other options do not satisfy the 10% yield requirement.