Energy Resources and Storage

Nuclear power technology for electricity generation was developed and implemented in the post-World War II era, specifically in the 1950s. Wind, solar, and thermal power technologies have much older roots or were not the primary focus of post-war industrial development.

Tidal energy, wind energy and solar energy are non-polluting sources of energy. They do not harm the environment. Nuclear energy is obtained by fission reaction carried out in nuclear reactors. Dumping of radioactive wastes generated during energy production using nuclear reaction causes serious environmental hazards making it non-ecofriendly. Thus the correct answer is option D.

Sun, Biomass, Wind are renewable sources which can be replenished within human lifeitme. Whereas natural gas is non-renewable source.

Natural gas is a non-renewable source of energy that is made of hydrocarbons, primarily methane. Its usage is subjected to the exhaustion because its formation takes time. Sun, biomass wind are the renewable sources of the energy. Their usage does not result in their exhaustion.

Ecosystems are primarily driven by solar energy captured through photosynthesis. In some specialized environments, such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents, organisms rely on chemical energy (chemosynthesis) instead of sunlight.

Hydro electricity is derived from water, wind energy from air and the rest are derived from land.

Land is a free gift of nature and it is fixed in terms of the area hence it is the most scarce resource among the following.

Solar energy is inexhaustible non-conventional resource. Its use is yet to pick up because of requirement of back up system to store and generate electricity during night and during cloudy days. There are three methods of harnessing solar energy- direct heating (e.g., solar cookers), thermoelectric conversion or solar thermal power plants, e.g., steam generation and photovoltaic conversion.

Renewable source of energy include biomass energy and some forms of inexhaustible energy like solar energy, hydropower, wind power, tidal energy, wave energy, geothermal energy etc. 

Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electric power.

Tidal energy is the indirect form of solar energy. Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combine effects of the gravitational force exerted by the Moon and Sun and the rotation of the Earth. About 1% of the total solar radiation that reaches earth is converted into energy of wind. As the sun heats different parts of the earth at different rates, air circulates from cold to warm areas producing winds.

Fossil fuels are non-renewable or exhaustible natural resources.

Non-renewable source of energy. It is energy that will run out or will not be replenished in our timelines. Example: Coal, petroleum, natural gas.

Renewable source of energy:- It is energy that is collected from naturally replenished on a human time scale. Example: Sunlight, wind, rain, waves, heat. So answer is Solar energy.

Exhaustible natural resources are those which are present in limited amount in nature. Coal is the natural resource obtain from nature but present in limited quantity.