Biology

Endocrine and Exocrine Glands

594 Questions

The endocrine and exocrine glands topic explores the human body's essential secreting structures, including the pituitary, thyroid, and salivary glands. Questions often focus on gland locations, their specific secretions, and crucial physiological functions. This subject is a core component of the general science syllabus across many highly competitive examinations.

Master endocrine glandsPituitary gland locationSalivary gland functionsThyroid and ductless glandsApocrine sweat glands

Endocrine and Exocrine Glands Questions

Multiple choice

What is the location of the pituitary gland?

  1. On the either side of the root of trachea.

  2. On the upper pole of each kidney

  3. Slightly below the stomach

  4. In the pelvic cavity

  5. Attached to the hypothalamus of the brain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus of the brain.

Multiple choice

Hürthle cell is associated with

  1. thyroid gland

  2. pituitary gland

  3. adrenal gland

  4. pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hürthle cell is associated with thyroid gland. Hürthle cell is used only to indicate cells of thyroid follicular origin.

Multiple choice

Which gland secretes calcitonin hormones?

  1. Thyroid

  2. Parathyroid

  3. Ultimobranchial gland

  4. Both parathyroid and thyroid gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

It secretes calcitonin which senses calcium levels in the body.

Multiple choice

The gland which regulates the level of calcium in the blood by increasing its level is /are

  1. thyroid

  2. adrenals

  3. parathyroids

  4. pituitary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Normal parathyroid glands work like the thermostat in your home to keep blood calcium levels in a very tightly controlled range. When the blood calcium level is too low, PTH is released to bring the calcium level back up to normal. When the calcium level is normal or gets a little too high, normal parathyroids will stop releasing PTH.

Multiple choice

Stenson's duct is associated with

  1. parotid gland

  2. sublingual gland

  3. submaxillary gland

  4. infra-orbital gland

  5. Brunner's gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

It is the largest salivary gland present in front of the ears and is connected to Stenson's duct.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements characterises erythropoietin?

  1. Erythropoietin is a protein.

  2. Hypoxia inhibits erythropoietin production.

  3. Most erythropoietin is made in the pancreas in adults.

  4. Erythropoietin decelerates the production of red blood cells.

  5. Erythropoietin increases water reabsorption in the Loop of Henle.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone consisting a single polypeptide of 166 amino acids. It binds to receptors on early red blood cell precursors and promotes their progression to form red blood cells.

Multiple choice

Antigen-antibody reactions are suppressed

  1. in liver disfunction

  2. in chronic inflammatory reactions

  3. by ACTH

  4. by vitamin K
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Chronic inflammatory reactions involve persistent immune activation where antigen-antibody complexes can become trapped in tissues, leading to suppression of further immune reactions. Liver dysfunction primarily affects metabolism and detoxification, ACTH stimulates cortisol production, and vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.

Multiple choice

Which of the following group of glands release their secretions through ducts?

  1. Thyroid gland adrenal gland and hypothalamus.

  2. Sweat glands, oil glands and thyroid glands.

  3. Sweat glands, Thyroid glands and salivary glands.

  4. Sweat glands, oil glands and salivary glands.

  5. Thyroid gland, oil glands and salivary glands.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sweat glands, oil glands and salivary glands are ducted glands.

Multiple choice

Increased activity of which of the following glands cause acne and pimples on the face during puberty?

  1. Thyroid and pancrease

  2. Thyroid and thymus

  3. Hypothlamus and pituitary

  4. Sweat glands and sebaceous glands.

  5. Thyroid and adrenal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Increased activity of sweat glands and sebaceous glands causes acne and pimples on the face during puberty.  Increased activity of thyroid and adrenal does not cause acne and pimples.

Multiple choice

The general adaptation syndrome is stimulated by

  1. adrenal gland

  2. hypothalamus

  3. pituitary gland

  4. thyroid gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

General adaptation syndrome describes the body's short-term and long-term reactions towards stress. It is stimulated by hypothalamus of the brain.

Multiple choice

Which of the following glands helps in onsetting puberty?

  1. Thyroid gland

  2. Pineal body

  3. Adrenal gland

  4. Pituitary gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The pituitary gland is about the size of a pea. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland help to get puberty started in humans.

Multiple choice

Where is Pituitary gland situated?

  1. Throat

  2. Above the kidneys

  3. Brain

  4. Back side of neck
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 Yes, it is the correct answer. It releases the harmones that control the activity of other endocrine glands. It also releases growth harmones.