Economic Sectors and Infrastructure

The fertillizer industry is centred around the production of nitrogenous fertilisers, phosphatic fertilisers, and ammonium phosphate and complex fertilisers which have a combination of nitrogen, phosphate and potash.

Cotton textile and Petrochemical industry are the major beneficiaries of the Mumbai port.

Raw material and power: 

In determining the location of an industry, nearness to sources of raw material is of vital importance. Nearness to the sources of raw materials would reduce the cost of production of the industry.

Regular supply of power is a pre-requisite for the localization of industries. Coal, mineral oil and hydro-electricity are the three important conventional sources of power. Most of the industries tend to concentrate at the source of power.

Transport and man power: 

Transport facilities, generally, influence the location of industry. The transportation with its three modes, i.e., water, road, and rail collectively plays an important role. So the junction points of water-ways, roadways and railways become humming centres of industrial activity. Further, the modes and rates of transport and transport policy of Government considerably affect the location of industrial units.

Adequate supply of cheap and skilled labour is necessary for and industry. The attraction of an industry towards labour centers depends on the ratio of labour cost to the total cost of production which Weber calls ‘Labour cost of Index’.

Water, market and government policies: 

Water is another important require­ment for industries. Many industries are established near rivers, canals and lakes, because of this reason. Iron and steel industry, textile industries and chemical industries require large quantities of water, for their proper functioning.

The entire process of manufacturing is useless until the finished goods reach the market. Nearness to market is essential for quick disposal of manufactured goods. It helps in reducing the transport cost and enables the consumer to get things at cheaper rates.

Government activity in planning the future distribution of industries, for reducing regional disparities, elimination of pollution of air and water and for avoiding their heavy clustering in big cities, has become no less an important location factor.

Mumbai is leading the center of the cotton industry in India. Factors responsible for the growth of cotton textile industries in Mumbai are as follows:

1. Raw materials: The nearby lava region forming the hinterland of the Mumbai port produces raw cotton. Mumbai is the collecting center of raw cotton for export and mills use. 
2. Port Facilities: Mumbai port has excellent harbour facilities for importing long staple cotton and machinery to meet the requirements of the mill.
3. Humid Climate: Mumbai has humid climate essential for spinning and weaving.
4. Water: Abundant supplies of water is available for dyeing and bleaching.
5. Labour: There are supplies of skilled and skilled workers in large number.

The organic chemical industries get their raw materials from byproducts of mineral oil which is processed and refined at oil refineries therefore these industries are located near oil refineries.

Southern Petrochemical Industries Corporation Ltd, or SPIC, is an Indian company that makes petrochemicals. Its core competency is in fertiliser products. It has operations in power, oil and natural gas, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology applications in agriculture.

Different industries require different inputs. IT industries are more likely to locate where there is skilled labour i.e workers with the right skills, government activity in planning the future distribution of industries, elimination of pollution of air and water i.e favourable government policies and clean and dust free environment is also an important locational factor. In IT industry there is no requirement of raw material or transportation.

Footloose industry is a general term for an industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources or transport.

These industries often have spatially fixed costs, which means that the costs of the products do not change despite where the product is assembled. Some industries may have a strong resource orientation, that is, if the raw material used in a production process is heavy and bulky in character, it makes sense to be located close to those natural resources. Heavy manufacturing districts around the world are usually located near major coal deposits. Such a resource-oriented location is often combined with good access to important transportation routes.

India had a strong and bitter colonial experience and a taste of capitalism's exploitative nature. British colonized India to serve as a source of raw material for its fast developing industries. Major Indian states like Tamilnadu, Andhra  pradesh, Maharastra etc. which were highly engaged in agriculture suffered a lot and switched to manufacturing and service sector.

NABARD is entrusted by government for development of rural areas in India. Small industries, village industries and cottage industries are the most prevailing industries in rural parts of India, with limited amount of finances. Hence, The NABARD provides refinancing facilities to such industries.

Manufacturing jobs are highly susceptible to automation, as robots and machines can perform repetitive tasks more efficiently and accurately than humans.

The manufacturing sector heavily relies on skilled workers with technical expertise to operate and maintain machinery, assemble products, and ensure quality control.

The services sector, particularly information technology and telecommunications, was the primary focus of India's economic reforms in the 1990s.

Agriculture is not explicitly designated as a critical infrastructure sector in India, although it plays a vital role in food security.