Environmental Studies · Biology

Ecology and Biodiversity

1,739 Questions

Ecology and biodiversity are vital topics in environmental studies, covering ecosystem structures, species diversity, and environmental impacts. These concepts are frequently tested in competitive examinations for civil services and state selections. The questions cover carrying capacity, ecological succession, and conservation fundamentals.

Species richness measurementTypes of ecological diversityBiome distribution factorsCarrying capacity conceptEcosystem servicesEnvironmental Impact Assessment

Ecology and Biodiversity Questions

Multiple choice commercial applications issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

An ecosystem is the biotic community which along with the physical environment forms an interacting system. It can be _________________.

  1. Man-made

  2. Temporary

  3. Natural

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

An ecosystem can be natural (like a forest or pond) or man-made (like an aquarium or crop field). They can also vary in duration, from temporary to permanent.

Multiple choice commercial applications issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Each ecosystem consist of ........... main components.

  1. Three

  2. Two

  3. Four

  4. Five
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

An ecosystem is made up of two components-  biotic and abiotic. It includes the interaction of the living things which are the biotic components in a given area with the non-living environment which are the abiotic factors such as weather, earth, sun, soil, climate and atmosphere. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice commercial applications issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Which of the following is an artificial ecosystem?

  1. Rice-field

  2. Forest

  3. Grassland

  4. Lake
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Rice-field (an agricultural field) is considered to be an artificial ecosystem. It is because of the following: It is man-made ecosystem and has all the components of the ecosystem. Abiotic factors which include air, water, soil etc. Biotic factors which include all the living organisms like plants, animals and microbes. It also comprises phenomena such as the flow of energy,  food chains, food webs etc. Hence, option A is correct.

Multiple choice commercial applications issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

An ecosystem is a complex interacting system of

  1. Individual

  2. Population

  3. Community and their physical environment

  4. Community and their soil condition
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

An ecosystem is a segment of biosphere consisting of a community of living beings and the abiotic or physical environment interacting and exchanging materials between them. The interactions ultimately result in trapping of energy and production of biomass in an ecosystem. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice commercial applications issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Ecosystem is

  1. Open

  2. Closed

  3. Both A and B

  4. Neither open nor closed
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

As per thermodynamics, a system can be open or closed. An ecosystem is an open system because an open system is a system in which energy and nutrients are exchanged between the physical environment and living organisms. In a closed ecosystem, the waste product of an organism is used by the other organism, like decomposers. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice commercial applications issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Ecosystem is defined as

  1. Relation between plants and animals

  2. Relation between biotic and physical components

  3. Relation between producers and decomposers

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

An ecosystem is a community of  organisms living and interacting with the non-living components of the environment within a system. It is made up of 2 types of components viz., biotic and abiotic. Ecosystem represents the relation between  biotic and physical componenets.

Multiple choice commercial applications issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Ecosystem may be defined as

  1. Group of plants which act as the energy suppliers

  2. Group of organisms which form population

  3. Functional unit for ecological studies

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The ecosystem is a segment of nature or biosphere consisting of a community of living beings and the abiotic or physical environment both interacting and exchanging materials between them. 

The ecosystem is defined as a functional unit of ecology because it is the smallest unit of nature, which is independent and self-sustaining due to various interactions between abiotic and biotic components and different organisms among themselves.

Multiple choice evs - i issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Which one of the following factors is contributed by biotic elements in the ecosystem

  1. Photoperiod
  2. $CO _{2}$

  3. Texture and porosity of soil

  4. Rainfall
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Biotic elements are the living components of an ecosystem. CO2 is part of the carbon cycle, which is heavily influenced by biotic processes like respiration and photosynthesis, whereas photoperiod, soil texture, and rainfall are abiotic factors.

Multiple choice commercial applications issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Ecosystem may be defined as

  1. A species along with environment

  2. Plants found in water

  3. Plants found on land

  4. All plants and animal species along with environment
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ecosystem is a biological community that lives in conjugation with the nonbiological community. It can also be defined as all plants and animal species along with environment. It includes all living things like plants, animals and non-living things like air, water, land, etc.

Thus, the correct answer is 'All plants and animal species along with environment.'

Multiple choice evs - i issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Biome has organisms of various trophic levels 

  1. Reacting with abiotic environment

  2. Constitute a sociological unit

  3. Live a symbiotic life

  4. Inhabit a desert
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Biome is a community that consists of plants and animals having common characteristics in a given environment. In other words, biome has organisms of various trophic levels reacting with abiotic environment. The different biomes include aquatic biome, forest biome, desert biome, tundra biome and grassland biome.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Reacting with abiotic enviornment.'

Multiple choice evs - i issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Ecosystem contains 

  1. Food web

  2. Food chain

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

An ecosystem is all plants and animal species along with environment. It consists of biotic components such as producers, consumers and decomposers and abiotic components such as air, water, temperature, soil. It contains both food chain and food web. Food chain consists of producers, consumers and decomposers. It is a series of plants/animals which are interrelated in the form of organism being eaten as food by the other organism. Various interlinked food chains in a community constitutes the food web.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Both A and B.'

Multiple choice evs - i issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Which one is not the dynamic aspect of an ecosystem?

  1. Producers and mineral cycles

  2. Consumers and mineral cycles

  3. Producers and energy flow

  4. Energy flow and mineral cycles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,B,C Correct answer
Explanation

Dynamic aspects of an ecosystem are mineral cycles and energy flow. Mineral cycles are biogeochemical cycles through which there is exchange or circulation of nutrients in the biosphere. Energy flow occurs in a unidirectional manner in an ecosystem from lower trophic levels to higher trophic levels. Through these dynamic aspects, biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem are connected. Biotic components are living part of the environment which include producers, consumers and decomposers whereas abiotic components are non living part of the environment which include light, water, temperature etc.

So, the correct answer is options 'A, B and C'.

Multiple choice commercial applications issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Ecosystem can be recognised as self-regulating and self sustaining unit of

  1. Species

  2. Landscape

  3. Organism

  4. Community
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms together with non-living components of their environment, functioning together as a system. The term 'ecosystem' was first proposed by Sir Arthur Tansley in 1935. The ecosystem can be recognized as a self-regulating and self-sustaining unit of 'landscape'. Hence, the correct answer is option B. ''landscape'.

Multiple choice commercial applications issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Which of the following ecosystem lacks one or more structural components?

  1. Deep sea

  2. Freshly formed water pond

  3. Forest ecosystem

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

(A) In deep sea ecosystem has all structural components,

(B) Freshly formed water pond lacks many abiotic components or structural components like atmospheric condition and water resources are absent.
(C) In Forest ecosystem all structural components are present
Thus, the correct answer is 'Freshly formed water pond.'

Multiple choice evs - i issues of the environment eco-system and its destruction ecology and ecosystem ecology and ecosysytem

Which of the following is non-essential in an ecosystem:-

  1. $Co _2$

  2. Grass

  3. soil

  4. Fungi
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Fungi are saprophytes, i.e they absorb nourishment from dead and decaying organisms.
They belong to the detritus cycle which includes bacteria and other microorganisms. So do not form the essential component of the ecosystem
So, the correct answer is 'Fungi'