Disease Vectors and Pathogens

• Dracunculus medinensis or Guinea worm is a nematode that causes dracunculiasis( guinea worm disease).
  
• Usually, the disease has no initial symptoms. About one year later, there is a painful burning feeling as a blister forms, usually on the legs. The blister bursts as the worm then come out of the skin over a few weeks.
• this Disease has been eradicated and India was declared as guinea worm disease free country by WHO in 2000.
• Hence The parasite which has been recently eradicated from India is Dracunculus medinensis.
• So, the correct answer is 'Dracunculus medinensis '.

Brain fever is caused by virus and transmitted through Culex tritaeniorhynchus, female mosquitoes. Mosquitoes acquire virus, while taking blood meal and pass it to next healthy person. 
When Anopheles female mosquito bites a malaria patient then malarial parasite also enters in mosquito, while blood suction. Malarial parasite can grow in mosquito body and pass to another person, when mosquito bites. Dengue virus is transmitted due to mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti.  
Typhoid is caused by bacteria called as Salmonella typhi. It is water borne disease. Typhoid patient's feces show presence of Salmonella typhi. When such feces comes in contact with drinking water bodies then water gets polluted. Such, water if used for consumption then person gets infected with typhoid. Hence, typhoid is not transmitted by mosquito. 

Housefly transmits various diseases like typhoid diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, tuberculosis etc.

Gambusia is a larvivorous fish used as a biological control agent to eat mosquito larvae, thereby reducing the transmission of diseases like malaria.

Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by microscopic, thread-like worms. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes.

Malaria is a vector-borne disease transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Mosquitoes are animals.

Fleas are parasites because they live on the bodies of host animals and feed on their blood, causing them harm without immediately killing them. Lymphocytes are white blood cells involved in immunity, and ostracites is not a biological term for fleas.

Malaria is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.

Sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma, which is transmitted by the tsetse fly.

Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by microscopic, thread-like worms. Goitre is usually iodine deficiency, dialysis is a treatment, and Tetanus is bacterial.

Sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which is transmitted by the tsetse fly.

Quinine is an alkaloid derived from cinchona bark that was used to treat and prevent malaria, which was a major obstacle to European exploration of Africa.

Kala azar, also known as leishmaniasis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania.

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium protozoans, which use the Anopheles mosquito as a vector to move between human hosts. The parasite requires both the human and the mosquito to complete its life cycle.