Disease Causative Agents

Encephalitis is acute inflammation (swelling up) of the brain resulting either from a viral infection or when the body's own immune system mistakenly attacks brain tissue. The most common cause is a viral infection. Encephalitis occurs in 1 in every 1,000 cases of measles. Encephalitis generally begins with fever and headache. The symptoms rapidly worsen and there may be seizures (fits), confusion, drowsiness and loss of consciousness and even coma. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Culex species mosquitoes, particularly Culex tritaeniorhynchus.

Tetanus and typhoid are bacterial diseases caused by bacteria. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. Yellow fever is caused by a flavivirus and transmitted by the bite of mosquitoes, usually the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which had become infected by biting an infected human. Hence, the correct answer is option A.

• The common cold is a viral disease, which is caused by a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat), whereas, pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. 
  
  
• It is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly other microorganisms. Typical symptoms include a cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.
  
  Hence, Option D is correct.

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. It can be transmitted via inhalation of spores, ingestion of contaminated materials, or through skin contact (often involving biting flies).

Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Bacillus anthracis, which can change into spores that can last for a long time in the environment before germinating. Various other diseases caused by bacteria are relapsing fever, bovine tuberculosis etc. 

Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.

The plague disease is caused by Yersinia pestis (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda. The 'Black Death' was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people and peaking in Europe in the years 134653. Although there were several competing theories as to the etiology of the Black Death, analysis of DNA from victims in northern and southern Europe published in 2010 and 2011 indicates that the pathogen responsible was the Yersinia pestis bacterium, probably causing several forms of plague.

Plague is a deadly infectious disease that is caused by the enterobacteria, Yersinia pestis. Contrary to popular belief, rats did not directly start the spread of the bubonic plague. It is mainly a disease in the fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), that infested the rats, making the rats themselves the first victims of the plague. Infection in a human occurs, when a person is bitten by a flea that has been infected by biting a rodent that itself has been infected by the bite of a flea carrying the disease. The bacteria multiply inside the flea, sticking together to form a plug that blocks its stomach and causes it to starve. The flea then bites a host and continues to feed, even though it cannot quell its hunger, and consequently the flea vomits blood tainted with the bacteria back into the bite wound.

Anthrax is a zoonotic (the disease that is normally present in animals and can be transmitted to humans through animals) disease caused by the gram-positive aerobic bacterium called Bacillus anthracis.

• Symptoms depend on the route of infection. They can range from a skin ulcer with a dark scab to difficulty breathing.

• Hence anthrax is a bacterial disease. So, the correct answer is 'Anthrax'.

Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It usually affects  ruminants like goats, cattle, sheep, horses. However, it is also seen in humans. Symptoms include sore throat, fever, fatigue, muscle aches, nausea, shortness of breath.

Biowar is the use of highly infectious pathogens, their spores and toxins as agents of biological weapons against humans, crops and animals of enemy country. The agent is kept in a social container that keeps it in active/virulent state during delivery by missile or aircraft. Spray and power are two common forms in which the bioweapon agent is delivered. Potential pathogens for bioweapons agent is delivered. Potential pathogens for bioweapons are Bacillus anthracis, Vibro cholera, small pox virus Pasteurella Yersinia pestis, Botulinum toxin, etc.

Ebola virus disease is a disease of humans and other primates caused by Ebola viruses. There is currently no licensed treatment or vaccine for Ebola virus disease, although potential new vaccines and drug therapies are being developed and tested. 

Anthrax refers to a contagious disease that is caused by a bacterium called the Bacillus anthracis. The disease mainly occurs in domestic and wild animals such as goats, cow, sheep, and camels. The infection is transmitted through spores of the bacteria. Hence, anthrax in sheep is caused by bacteria.