Constitutions and Law

Creating new states under Article 3 requires: Parliamentary law (4), President's recommendation and assent (3), and reference to the concerned state legislature for its view (2). The Supreme Court has no constitutional role (1) as this is a legislative, not judicial, function.

Article 112 mandates that the President shall cause to be laid before both Houses an Annual Financial Statement (Budget) showing estimated receipts and expenditure. This constitutional requirement ensures fiscal transparency and accountability.

The Election Commission, Finance Commission, and UPSC are Constitutional bodies established directly under the Constitution of India. The Planning Commission was an extra-constitutional body created by an executive resolution in 1950 (now replaced by NITI Aayog).

Article 17 of the Indian Constitution specifically abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form. It is a fundamental right under the Right to Equality, not related to individual freedom or constitutional remedies directly.

India has parliamentary form of govt.with federal structure.Judiciary is independent in india. Therefore, option I is wrong.

India follows universal adult suffrage, meaning every adult citizen (18 years and above) has the right to vote regardless of caste, religion, gender, or other qualifications. This is established by Article 326 and reflects the democratic principle of equal political participation.

 Freedom of entertainment,amusement and fun is not the fundamental right under Art. 19 of our Constitution. Rest all are mentioned.

Article 351 of the Indian Constitution mentions Hindi as the official language of the Union. It specifically directs the Union to promote the spread and development of Hindi as a medium of expression for India's composite culture. The other articles listed (334, 335, 324) deal with different constitutional provisions related to languages and elections.

Article 248 of the Constitution of India vests the residuary powers of legislation exclusively with the Parliament. Residuary powers are those matters not mentioned in any of the three lists (Union, State, or Concurrent). This centralization of residuary power strengthens federal unity. Article 246 distributes legislative powers, Article 247 deals with administrative tribunals, and Article 250 relates to emergency powers.

Article 265 of the Constitution of India embodies the principle that no tax shall be levied except by authority of law. This ensures that taxation requires legislative sanction - either through Parliament or State Legislatures - preventing arbitrary taxation by the executive.

Article 37 of the Constitution explicitly states that Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are 'fundamental in the governance of the country'. Unlike Fundamental Rights (enforceable) or Fundamental Duties (moral), DPSPs provide policy guidelines for state governance. The DPSPs are contained in Part IV of the Constitution (Articles 36-51).

The Tenth Schedule of the Constitution (added by the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985) contains provisions regarding anti-defection. It lays down the process for disqualification of members of Parliament or State Legislatures on grounds of defection. The Second Schedule deals with emoluments, Fifth with Scheduled Areas/Tribes, and Eighth with official languages.

Article 24 of the Constitution prohibits employment of children below 14 years in factories, mines, and hazardous occupations. Article 21A deals with right to education, Article 23 prohibits trafficking and forced labor, Article 22 deals with arrest and detention.

Article 44 is a Directive Principle that directs the State to secure a Uniform Civil Code for all citizens. Article 45 deals with free and compulsory education, Article 46 deals with promotion of educational and economic interests of weaker sections, and Article 41 deals with right to work and education.

The Anti-Defection Law is contained in the 10th Schedule of the Indian Constitution, which was added by the 52nd Amendment Act in 1985. It provisions for disqualification of members of Parliament and State Legislatures on grounds of defection.