Constitutions and Law

The Keshavanand Bharati case (1973) is famously called the 'Fundamental Rights case' because it dealt with the scope of Parliament's power to amend fundamental rights under Article 368 and established the Basic Structure doctrine. While M.C. Mehta (environment), S.P. Gupta (judicial independence), and Champakam Dorairajan (reservation) are important cases, they don't hold this specific title.

In Seema vs. Ashwani kumar, the Supreme Court held that the Registration of Marriage should be made compulsory. 

Constitution Amendment Bills have to be passed in each House of Parliament by a special majority, ie. by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the House 'present and voting'.

Justice Verma Committee was conscious of the fact that any non-operationalization of Fundamental Duties might not necessarily be the lack of concern or non-availability of legal and other enforceable provisions; but it was more a case of lacuna in the strategy of implementation

In Hohfeld's analytical framework of legal concepts, the correlative of liberty is no-right. Liberty means one may act without being accountable to others; the corresponding position from others' perspective is no-right - they have no legal claim to prevent that action. Right correlative is duty, power correlative is liability.

Epilepsy is a group of neurological diseases. The word “epilepsy” has been removed by the 2009 amendment for declaring the marriage void. So, now there exists no ground for declaring a marriage void that a party is suffering from recurrent attacks of insanity.

It was adopted and enacted by the ‘People of India’.

All the given features are greatly influenced by the Government of India Act, 1935.

The question asks for the WRONGLY matched pair. Judicial Review was actually borrowed from the US Constitution (Marbury v. Madison case), not the British Constitution. The UK follows parliamentary sovereignty and lacks formal judicial review of constitutional validity. The other matches are correct: Concurrent List from Australian Constitution, Directive Principles from Irish Constitution, and Fundamental Rights from US Constitution.

The Preamble is non-justiciable and not enforceable in courts (Option A is correct). However, Option B is wrong - the Supreme Court has ruled that the Preamble IS part of the Constitution (Kesavananda Bharati case). Option C is also incorrect - the Preamble has been amended only once (42nd Amendment, 1976) to add 'socialist', 'secular', and 'integrity'. Option D 'All of these' cannot be correct when B and C are wrong.

In the Berubari Union case (1960), the Supreme Court initially ruled that the Preamble was not part of the Constitution. This view was later overturned in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), where the Court held that the Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution. Golaknath dealt with fundamental rights and amendment power, while Minerva Mills dealt with judicial review of constitutional amendments.

The Preamble reveals: (A) when enacted (November 26, 1949), (B) ideals to achieve (justice, liberty, equality, fraternity), (C) system of government (democratic, republic), and (D) source of authority (We the People of India). All four elements emerge clearly from the Preamble text. It is a comprehensive declaration of the Constitution's philosophy, source, and basic features.

The Preamble contains the basic aims and objectives of the Indian Constitution - justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. It is the philosophy and soul of the Constitution. Part III contains Fundamental Rights (justiciable), Part IV contains Directive Principles (non-justiciable guidelines). The Preamble stands apart as the ideological foundation, explaining the Constitution's purpose.

K. M. Munshi and Alladi Krishnaswami were the members of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution.

Constitutional bodies are established by the Constitution itself. The Planning Commission (now NITI Aayog) was created by an executive resolution and is NOT mentioned in the Constitution. Election Commission, Finance Commission, and UPSC are all explicitly established by constitutional provisions.