Constitutions and Law

Article 370 of the Indian Constitution granted special autonomous status to Jammu and Kashmir. It allowed the state to have its own constitution and flag, except in matters of defense, communications, and foreign affairs.

Correct Answer: Article 32

 Option (1) is the correct answer.

 Article 29 of the Constitution of India defines the protection of interest of minorities.

The Fundamental Rights in Indian Constitution were borrowed from the US Constitution (Bill of Rights). The framers adapted American concepts like due process, equal protection, and judicial review to Indian conditions.

Option (1) is the correct answer. 

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, and establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions. The Constitution of India has been divided into 25 parts currently.

The Indian Constitution describes India as a 'Union of States,' borrowed from the Canadian Constitution. This emphasizes that states are not independent entities but units of an indivisible union. The American Constitution uses a federal structure where states joined voluntarily. The British Constitution is unitary. The Russian model is different.

Correct answer is (4). 

The Preamble to the Indian Constitution declares India to be a 'Secular' state, meaning the state treats all religions equally and does not promote or discriminate based on religion. The Directive Principles contain policy guidelines. The Sixth Schedule deals with tribal areas. The Appendix is not a constitutional feature.

The Preamble to the Indian Constitution mentions Justice (social, economic, and political), Liberty (of thought, expression, faith, and worship), Equality (of status and opportunity), and Fraternity. It does NOT mention 'Education' as one of its key words. Education became a fundamental right later through the 86th Amendment (Article 21A), but is not in the original Preamble.

The Indian Constitution has clearly distributed powers between the union and the states, but the centre has been given long list of exclusive powers. So, the Indian Constitution is regarded as federal in form and unitary in spirit.

Secularism in the Indian Constitution means the state does not discriminate against any citizen on the basis of religion. It treats all religions equally and maintains neutrality. It does NOT mean opposition to religion (that would be atheism), banning religious parties, or prohibiting conversion. The state may regulate secular activities associated with religion but cannot promote any particular faith.

Indian Constitution provides for parliamentary form of government.

The Indian Constitution adopts the Westminster parliamentary model from the UK, including the Cabinet system, bicameral legislature, parliamentary democracy framework, and parliamentary privileges, while adapting these institutions to Indian needs.