Computer Networks

A leased line is a dedicated communication connection that can transmit multiple types of data simultaneously - data, voice, video, and text. It provides symmetric bandwidth and is designed for comprehensive business communication needs.

Client/server computing involves end-user PCs (clients) connected to servers that share resources like software, processing power, and databases. This architecture allows distributed processing while centralizing shared resources. Enterprise collaboration focuses on communication tools, while electronic commerce is about online transactions.

Tight coupling (or tightly coupled) is a type of coupling that describes a system in which hardware and software are not only linked together, but are also dependent upon each other.

1. Physical layer
   1. Data link layer
   2. Transport layer
   3. Network layer
   4. Session layer
   5. Presentation layer
   6. Application layer

SAN stands for Storage Area Network, which is a high-speed network that provides access to block-level storage. Signal Array Network, Save All Network, and Sell Arch Network are not valid technical terms. SAN is a fundamental concept in enterprise storage architecture.

ATM in networking stands for Asynchronous Transfer Mode, a high-speed networking technology that uses fixed-size cells for data transmission. 'Automatic teller machine' is the common banking meaning of ATM, not networking. The other options are fabricated terms.

LAN stands for Local Area Network, a network connecting devices in a limited area. Options C and D incorrectly use 'Large', and option B truncates 'Network' to 'Net'.

A Gateway is a network node equipped for interfacing with another network that uses different protocols.

An intranet is a computer network that uses Internet Protocol technology to share information, operational systems, or computing services within an organization. This term is used in contrast to internet, a network between organizations, and instead refers to a network within an organization

Networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data.

An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, multiport repeater or hub is a device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment.

A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node - a ring.

Character-oriented device transfers data on a byte-by-byte basis.

When a VLAN is deleted from a switch, the member ports lose their VLAN association and cannot communicate with other ports until they are reassigned to another VLAN. They don't automatically revert to any default VLAN without explicit reconfiguration.