Computer Fundamentals and System Concepts

The program counter (PC) is a processor register that indicates where a computer is in its program sequence.

Trojan horse, malicious computer virus - Trojan Horse, of Troy, from the Iliad, where the wooden horses gifted had soldiers hidden within

Grayware (or greyware) is a general term that refers to applications or files that are not directly classified as malware (like worms or trojan horses), but can still negatively affect the performance of computers and involve significant security risks.

The time taken by the computer to locate data and instruction is called as fetch cycle.

When the data is transferred over internet in a small packages, then that process is called as packets.

This conversion character is used to display strings in the output statement.

  VDU means Visual Display Unit means a unit which is used to provide display.

This is a group of programs that solve a specific problem or perform a specific type of job.

Excel is not  a type of database . A database is a data structure that stores organized information. Nearly all e-commerce sites uses databases to store product inventory and customer information.

This is not used without the system software. An application program is one that has been developed to solve a specific data processing task. For example, software which does word processing, payroll, financial accounting, etc. These programs are developed by computer professionals called application programmers.

 System software is built to control the entire operation. It's collection of programs are designed to operate, control and extend the processing capabilities of computer itself. These softwares perform a variety of functions like file editing, storage management, resource accounting, I/O management etc. The examples of system software and operating system are M.S. DOS and Microsoft windows.  

It refers to maintaining and assuring the accuracy and consistency of data over its entire life-cycle. It is a fundamental component of information security.

No such SQL exists.

Hardware means physical components of computer.

ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations.