Computer Fundamentals and System Concepts

 Computerisation of all the library house-keeping. operations is known as library automation. It is done using application software.

MINISIS is a database management system specifically designed to operate on Hewlett-Packard (HP) 3000 series computers. It was widely used in library and information systems. The other options - VAX systems (A), CDC systems (C), and IBM systems (D) - represent different hardware platforms that MINISIS was not designed for.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was developed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. It was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, weighing 30 tons and containing 18,000 vacuum tubes.

Intel Corporation developed the Pentium microprocessor family, which became the most widely used CPU architecture in personal computers during the 1990s and early 2000s. The Pentium brand represented Intel's flagship x86 processor line and dominated the PC market for over a decade. AMD was Intel's main competitor in the processor market, while IBM and Dell were computer manufacturers that used processors from Intel and AMD.

Analog computers represent and manipulate data as physical quantities that vary continuously, such as voltage, mechanical position, or fluid flow. They differ from digital computers which use discrete binary values. Examples include slide rules, mechanical differential analyzers, and early process control systems.

IBM's first electronic computer was the IBM 701, also known as the Defense Calculator, announced in 1952 and released in 1953. It was IBM's first production computer and used vacuum tubes. ENIAC was built by the University of Pennsylvania, not IBM. Deep Blue came much later in the 1990s.

The first part of the sentence deals with something that computers do; the second part deals with the final aspect of a two-part process. Of all these options, (1) and (4) seems to fit our prediction. “Collate” means to compare or examine, which implies that information is examined and then a picture is created whereas ‘extrapolation’ is done from existing information and an investigation would not be a consequence. Hence, (1) is the answer.

The shell is not part of system kernel, but uses the system kernel to execute programs, create files, etc.

(senior to). The adjectives of comparative degree like Senior, Junior, Inferior, Superior are always followed by ‘to’ instead of ‘than’.

An abacus is a manual calculating tool used for arithmetic operations. Unlike a computer or book, it performs mathematical calculations through bead manipulation. Japanese (soroban) and Chinese (suanpan) cultures have used it for centuries.

ALU refers to Arithmetic and Logic unit, is one of the important units of CPU, which performs processing of all arithmetic and logical operations inside the computer.

Third generation of computers were built using integrated circuits, which combined various transistors into a single circuit reducing the size of the computer drastically.

Information technology as a field integrates computer technology for processing, communication technology for transmission, and reprographic/micrographic technologies for document reproduction and preservation. All these components work together for comprehensive information management.

 The word computer is derived from the Latin term 'computare' this means to calculate.

The abacus is an ancient manual calculating device dating back thousands of years, used for arithmetic operations. It predates electronic computers by centuries and represents an early form of calculation aid, not a computer generation.