Computer Fundamentals and System Concepts

The task bar is the bar that spans the bottom of the screen and contains the Start button on the left side and the system tray on the right. The task bar also includes the current time on the far right side and can hold shortcuts to programs directly to the right of the Start button. The task bar is always displayed on the screen and it's not a part of any window.

Computer can only perform tasks that it has been programmed to do. Computer cannot do any work without instructions from the user. It executes instructions as specified by the user and does not take its own decisions.

FLOPS (for FLoating-point Operations Per Second) is a measure of computer performance. It is especially used in fields of scientific calculations.

A kernel is a central component of an operating system. It acts as an interface between the user applications and the hardware. The sole aim of the kernel is to manage the communication between the software (user level applications) and the hardware (CPU, disk memory etc.)

Correct choice

Boot sector  viruses are often transmitted by a floppy disk left in the floppy drive.

DOS stands for Disk Operating System. It was an early operating system for personal computers (most notably MS-DOS) that managed disk operations and file systems. Density, Directory, and Dynamic are incorrect expansions of the acronym.

Correct option is (4). 

The operating system serves as the interface between the user and the computer's hardware. It translates user commands into hardware instructions. Memory and devices are parts of the hardware, software runs on the OS, and CPU is a hardware component - none represent the complete hardware layer.

Device drivers are software programs that allow the operating system to communicate with hardware devices. They act as translators between the OS and hardware, enabling proper control and management of devices attached to a computer. Option A incorrectly describes physical cables, option B describes people, option D describes backup systems, and option E is wrong because drivers supplement, not substitute, the OS.

Application software aims at solving some user defined problems like accounting, managing, reservations, billing, etc.

System software aims at making the computer a user friendly machine. A computer is a machine that knows nothing of itself. It requires instructions for each and everything it performs and the instructions provided to the software control internal computer operations, like reading data from input devices, checking system components, etc. Hence, system software is the software which aims at making the computer a user friendly machine. 

Loader is the program that helps to load other programs from input systems. So, loader is the program which helps in loading the executable files from secondary storage to main memory.

An operating system acts as an interpreter between software and hardware.

A hard disk drive is a storage device that holds all types of software permanently, including operating systems, device drivers, applications, and user programs. Monitor (option A) is an output device that only displays information. ROM (option B) contains firmware but is not rewritable for storing applications. Video adapter (option C) processes graphics output but doesn't store software. Only the hard disk has the capacity and rewritability to hold all these programs.