Computer Fundamentals and System Concepts

A computer virus is a malicious software program designed to alter the way a computer operates and spread from one computer to another. It is written with malicious intent to damage files, steal data, or disrupt system operations.

To "download" means to copy data or files from a remote server or computer system to a local device. While "transfer" (misspelled as "Tranfer" in the options) is a general term for moving data, "download" specifically fits the action of retrieving files from another system.

A zombie is a computer that has been compromised by malware, allowing an attacker to control it remotely, often as part of a larger network.

Metamorphic malware rewrites its own code entirely each time it replicates, making it significantly harder to detect than polymorphic malware, which only changes its decryption routine.

A logic bomb is malicious code that remains dormant until specific conditions are met, such as a date, time, or event. Unlike viruses or worms that replicate and spread, logic bombs wait for their trigger condition before executing their payload.

Malware is software that infiltrates systems without consent to cause harm or steal data. This umbrella term includes viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, and other harmful software. Network and program viruses are specific types, while malware is the broader category.

An in-place upgrade installs the new OS while preserving existing applications, settings, and files. This is ideal when you want to maintain the current configuration. Clean installation wipes everything, image deployment copies a pre-built image, and 'safe installation' is not a standard installation method.

When a computer is completely dead, first check if the power supply is functional - no power means nothing else matters. CMOS battery, outlet voltage, and EMI checks come later. A dead computer typically has a power delivery issue.

Malware is a broad term that stands for malicious software and encompasses many different types of threats. Worms, viruses, and rootkits are all specific categories of malware designed to infect, damage, or gain unauthorized access to systems. Therefore, all of the listed options are involved in malware.

The term malware is a portmanteau, which is a blend of the words 'malicious' and 'software'. It refers to any software specifically designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system. The other options are incorrect word combinations.

Adware is a type of malware that automatically renders advertisements on a computer screen, often in the form of pop-ups, to generate revenue for its creator. While spyware tracks user behavior and worms spread across networks, adware specifically focuses on displaying unwanted ads. Viruses infect files but do not primarily focus on ad delivery.

Spyware is malicious software designed to secretly monitor and record your computer activities, such as keystrokes, browsing history, and personal information, and transmit this data to a third party. While some advanced spyware can access webcams, its primary definition and design goal is to record and harvest user activity. It does not ignore the user or solely focus on creating backdoors.

Computer viruses are malicious programs that spread by inserting their code into legitimate programs, documents, or files. When a user opens or runs the infected host file, the virus code is executed and can infect other files on the system. They do not typically attach themselves to raw network packets of data or simple desktop icons.

A computer worm is a standalone malware program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers, often consuming immense amounts of system memory or network bandwidth in the process. Unlike Trojans, which rely on tricking users into running them, or spyware, which quietly steals data, worms are characterized by their self-replicating and resource-consuming nature.