Computer Fundamentals and System Concepts

A 'number crunching' computer is one that can handle a Large volume of numbers.

a person or thing that performs a great many numerical calculations, as a financial analyst, statistician, computer, or computer program.

The number of bits on a computer hard disk (as of 2010, typically about 1013, 500–1000 GB) The estimated number of atoms in the observable universe (1080) Earth's mass consist of about (4x1051) nucleons. The number of cells in the human body (more than 1014)

The number 2,147,483,647 (or hexadecimal 7FFF,FFFF16) is the maximum positive value for a 32-bit signed binary integer in computing. It is therefore the maximum value for variables declared as integers (e.g., as int ) in many programming languages, and the maximum possible score, money, etc. for many video games.

A googol, for example, is 10^100, which has 101 digits. The largest known prime number has over 17 million digits. A googolplex is 10 raised to the googol power, so it has approximately a googol digits.

Mainframe computers use the 8 bit code called EBCDIC.

Mainframe computers (colloquially referred to as "big iron") are computers used primarily by large organizations for critical applications; bulk data processing, such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning; and transaction processing.

An information system is defined as a combination of hardware, software, data, procedures, and people that work together to produce information.

Multiprocessor is a computer system Where many CPU under a common control.

Multiprocessing is the use of two or more central processing units (CPUs) within a single computer system. The term also refers to the ability of a system to support more than one processor or the ability to allocate tasks between them. There are many variations on this basic theme, and the definition of multiprocessing can vary with context, mostly as a function of how CPUs are defined (multiple cores on one die, multiple dies in one package, multiple packages in one system unit, etc.).

According to some on-line dictionaries, a multiprocessor is a computer system having two or more processing units (multiple processors) each sharing main memory and peripherals, in order to simultaneously process programs.[3][4] A 2009 textbook defined multiprocessor system similarly, but noting that the processors may share "some or all of the system’s memory and I/O facilities"; it also gave tightly coupled system as a synonymous term.

multiprocessor is a computer system with two or more central processing units (CPUs), with each one sharing the common main memory as well as the peripherals. This helps in simultaneous processing of programs.The key objective of using a multiprocessor is to boost the system’s execution speed, with other objectives being fault tolerance and application matching.

Apple Macintoshes(Macs) and PCs use different CPUs to process data and different operating systems

Macintosh and Windows are two different computer systems, and they run on different operating systems. A Mac computer runs on a Unix-based operating system that is designed and sold by Apple. The operating system being used currently for Macs is Mac OS X, and it is designed around graphic interface. The Windows-based computers operate on different operating systems which are made by Microsoft, and some of these are: Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7. These Windows-based operating systems can be used on a variety of PCs which are widely used.

Macintosh and Windows are two different computer systems, and they run on different operating systems. A Mac computer runs on a Unix-based operating system that is designed and sold by Apple. The operating system being used currently for Macs is Mac OS X, and it is designed around graphic interface.

Mini Computer is smaller size computer but not small as Laptop & Notebook.

The main electronic component used in first generation computers was Vacuum Tubes and Valves.

Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956) The first computer systems used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. Transistors were used for second generation computers and integrated circuits in third generation. First generation computers used vacuum tubes and valves as their main electronic component. Vacuum Tubes were invented by Lee DeForest in 1908.

The first generation computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. • The vacuum tube was developed by Lee De Forest. A vacuum tube is a device generally used to amplify a signal by controlling the movement of electrons in an evacuated space.

Database management system (DBMS) may be defined as a general-purpose software system that facilitates the processes of defining, constructing and manipulating (or processing) databases for various applications, General-purpose software is defined as a set of programs, which are designed and developed for a community of users and not for any particular application with respect to a particular user.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) is widely recognized as the first general-purpose electronic digital computer.

CPU stands for Central Processing Unit, which is the primary component of a computer that performs instructions.

The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is the firmware that initializes hardware and starts the boot process when a computer is turned on. It acts as the bridge between the hardware and the operating system.

The motherboard is the primary printed circuit board in a computer that connects all components, including the CPU, RAM, and storage.

Digital computers are devices that are capable of solving problems by processing information in discrete form. It operates on data including magnitudes, letters and symbols that are expressed in binary forms and are also known as electronic computers.

For business purposes, digital computers are highly adaptable compared to analog computers. Analog computers have very wide range of complexities while digital computers are easy to use.

Another name for business computer can be an automatic high speed electronic business data processing digital computer as the main purpose of business computer is to analyse the business related information.