Computer Fundamentals and System Concepts

A rootkit is a collection of computer software designed to enable access to a computer or an area of its software that is not otherwise allowed, often masking its presence from anti-malware tools.

A Trojan horse can be used to install a backdoor, which allows an attacker to control the infected computer remotely, effectively turning it into a zombie in a botnet.

A computer virus is a type of malicious software (malware) that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code to cause harm.

Viruses require execution to run their code; downloading and running an executable file (.exe) is a common vector for infection.

Computer viruses typically consume system resources, such as CPU cycles and memory, which causes the computer to slow down or perform erratically rather than speed up.

Malware is an umbrella term for malicious software, which includes viruses, worms, trojans, and spyware. Therefore, a virus is a specific type of malware, not the other way around.

Malware is the correct term for malicious software, which encompasses viruses, spyware, worms, and other harmful programs.

The motherboard is the main printed circuit board in a computer that houses and connects the CPU, RAM, ROM, and provides connections for secondary storage devices.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing inside the computer. It executes instructions of computer programs, acting as the 'brain' of the system.

A microprocessor is an integrated circuit that contains all the functions of a central processing unit of a computer, responsible for processing all instructions the computer runs.

A comment is a programmer-readable explanation or annotation in the source code. It serves as an organizational and debugging tool to help developers manage and understand their code.

A Trojan horse (or trojan) is a type of malicious software disguised as a legitimate, safe program. Once installed, it executes its hidden, harmful payload to compromise the user's system.

A help desk technician is a professional responsible for diagnosing, troubleshooting, and resolving technical hardware and software issues for users. The other terms refer to unrelated concepts: Greenfield is a type of project, index is a database or search term, and a hypertext link is a web element.

An operating system is responsible for managing hardware resources, input and output devices, and system utilities like disk defragmentation. It does not manage the use of viruses, which are malicious programs that security software aims to detect and remove.

RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer, which is a CPU design strategy focused on simple instructions that can be executed quickly. This contrasts with CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer), which uses broader and more complex instructions.