Climate Change Impacts

Which word in the passage is used to refer to 'the relation of living organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings'?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Global Warming occurs when the concentration of greenhouse gases increases in the atmosphere. The main greenhouse gases are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone. These gases stop all the radiations from the Earth to escape back into space. This is known as the Greenhouse Effect. This trapped radiation or heat helps to keep the Earth at a constant temperature. Greenhouse effect plays a very important role in maintaining the temperature of the Earth at a habitable level. For the last 100 years, human have been burning trees and fossil fuels, thereby releasing millions of tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Due to increase in level of carbon dioxide the temperature of the earth’s surface rises. This, in turn, causes more water to evaporate into the atmosphere. Water vapour is also very good at absorbing heat. This causes the Earth’s atmosphere to become even warmer. Scientist has called this effect ‘Global Warming’. They have warned that Global Warming could change rainfall patterns, raise the sea level and disturb the ecological balance.

g scenarios will fuel the author's concern about global warming, EXCEPT

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:
Scientists and environmentalists estimate that at the present rate of global warming, our planet will have heated up by nearly two degree centigrade by the end of the century. Even if we stopped all greenhouse gas emissions immediately, the pollutants in the atmosphere will drive up the global temperature by around half a degree.  If allowed to run unchecked, the global warming will impact even the permafrost at the poles. Permafrost refers to the perennially frozen part of earth in the Tundra and Polar Regions. At some places, the permafrost is just a few meters thick, while at others, it extends to depths of hundreds of meters. It is feared that in the eventuality of the melting of the polar caps, the poles will turn into a giant carbon-dioxide generation zone. The permanent freeze keeps the carbon inert but at higher temperatures, carbon will react with oxygen present in the air to form oxides. The non-existent flora of the tundra will not be enough to absorb a sufficient quantity of the greenhouse gases that are expected to be released when the polar ice-caps melt. However, keeping in view the grandiose declarations of the policy makers, who are setting ambitious targets for cutting greenhouse emissions without coming out with a plan that puts their money where their plan is, it is highly unlikely that we will halt, much less reverse, the timeline for an appointment with Armageddon. It would mean that emission cuts of the level un-thought of till today will have to be achieved to halt any further increase in global warming.