Chemical Compounds and Reactions

Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) is a polymer with the general structure -(CH3(H)Si-O)-. It is used in organic chemistry as a mild and stable reducing agent, easily transferring hydrides to metal centers.

The Tebbe reagent is the organometallic compound. It is used in the methylenation of carbonyl compounds, which means that it converts organic compounds containing R₂C=O group into the related R₂C=CH₂ derivative.

Triethyl orthoacetate is the ethyl orthoester of acetic acid. It is also known as 1,1,1-triethoxyethane, and is an oily liquid with a colour that is anywhere from yellow to colourless. It is used in organic synthesis for the introduction of the acetate group to an alcohol. It is also used in the Johnson-Claisen rearrangement.

Armstrong's acid is a strong acid which is related to toluenesulphonic acid and is used in chemical synthesis. It is sometimes used as a divalent counterion for forming salts of basic drug compounds, as an alternative to the related mesylate or tosylate salts.

Benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, also known as Triton B or trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, is an organic base. It is used in aldol condensation reactions and base-catalyzed dehydration reactions.

The Cornforth reagent is a strong oxidizing agent which can convert primary and secondary alcohols to ketones. In its chemical structure and functions, it is closely related to other compounds made from hexavalent chromium oxide, such as pyridinium chlorochromate and Collins reagent.

Diisopinocampheylborane is an organoborane that is useful for asymmetric synthesis. This colourless solid is the precursor to a range or related reagents. The reagent is mainly used for the synthesis of chiral secondary alcohols.

Potassium ferricyanide is the chemical compound with the formula K₃[Fe(CN)₆]. This bright red salt contains the octahedrally coordinated [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻ ion. The compound has widespread use in blueprint drawing and in photography (Cyanotype process). Potassium ferricyanide is used as an oxidizing agent to remove silver from negatives and positives, a process called dot etching.

AgNO3 is silver nitrate, used in photography and medicine. Silver phosphate would be Ag3PO4, silver chloride is AgCl, and none of these is incorrect since B is right.

Sn (Tin) is present in budotitane and is used to treat cancer. So, this is the correct option.

White vitriol is the historical name for zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO₄·7H₂O). The 'vitriol' name comes from vitriolum (sulfate salts). Different vitriols are distinguished by color - blue vitriol (copper sulfate), green vitriol (iron(II) sulfate), white vitriol (zinc sulfate), and Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate).

Carbon black is extensively used as a reinforcing filler and filter in rubber tyres. It improves the strength, durability, and UV resistance of the rubber while also providing the characteristic black colour. The other options (graphite, coal, coke) are not typically used in tyre manufacturing.

Antimony sulphide (Sb2S3) is the combustible material at the tip of a safety match. When the match is struck against the striker surface (containing red phosphorus), friction generates heat that ignites the antimony sulphide, which then ignites the match stick. Sulphur is also present but antimony sulphide is the primary combustible.

Saccharine is synthesized from toluene (C7H8) through a series of chemical reactions including the oxidation of toluene derivatives. The sweetener was accidentally discovered in 1879. Benzene, phenol, and aniline are aromatic compounds but toluene is the specific starting material for commercial saccharine production.

Potassium sodium tartrate is a colourless to blue-white salt crystallizing in the orthorhombic system. It has a specific gravity of about 1.79, a melting point of approximately 75 °C, and has a saline, cooling taste. It has been used medicinally as a laxative. It has also been used in the process of silvering mirrors.