Chemical Compounds and Reactions

Beryllium hydride, is a chemical compound of beryllium and hydrogen, commonly used in rocket fuel. Unlike the ionically bonded hydrides of the heavier Group 2 elements, beryllium hydride is covalently bonded.

Bismuth(III) oxide is found naturally as a mineral bismite and sphaerobismoite but it is usually obtained as a by-product of the smelting of copper and lead ores. Bismuth trioxide is commonly used to produce the Dragon's eggs effect in fireworks, as a replacement of red lead.

Aluminium phosphide is an inorganic compound used as a wide band gap semiconductor and a fumigant. This colourless solid is generally sold as a grey-green-yellow powder due to the presence of impurities arising from hydrolysis and oxidation.

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a crystalline compound formed from cadmium and tellurium. It is used as an infrared optical window and a solar cell material. It is usually sandwiched with cadmium sulfide to form a p-n junction photovoltaic solar cell.

Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants that constitutes approximately 0.6-3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco, with biosynthesis taking place in the roots and accumulation occurring in the leaves. It functions as an antiherbivore chemical with particular specificity to insects.

It is lithium salt of nitric acid. It is made by reacting lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide with nitric acid.This deliquescent colourless salt is an oxidizing agent used in the manufacture of red-coloured fireworks and flares.

Lithium iodide is a compound of lithium and iodine. When exposed to air, it becomes yellow in colour due to the oxidation of iodide to iodine. It is used as an electrolyte for high temperature batteries. It is also used for long life batteries as required by artificial pacemakers.

Phosphorus tribromide is a colourless liquid with the formula PBr₃. It fumes in air due to hydrolysis and has a penetrating odour. It is widely used in a laboratory for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl bromides.

Phosphorous acid is a compound with the formula H₃PO₃. This acid is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not triprotic as might be suggested by this formula. Phosphorous acid is as an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorus compounds.

Potassium permanganate is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula KMnO₄. Formerly known as permanganate of potash or Condy's crystals, it is a strong oxidizing agent. It dissolves in water to give intensely purple solutions, the evaporation of which leaves prismatic purplish-black glistening crystals.

Radium chloride is a white solid with a blue-green luminescence, especially when heated. It is less soluble in water than other alkaline earth metal chlorides. It is still used in the initial stages of the separation of radium from barium during the extraction of radium from pitchblende.

This option is correct because lead is readily obtained in a crystalline state by the process of precipitation. If the Zn rod to be suspended in weak solution of lead acetate the metallic lead is thrown in a mass of arboraceous crystal known as the lead tree, it is zinc acetate.

Cyanuric fluoride or 2,4,6-trifluoro-1,3,5-triazine is a colourless, pungent liquid. It has been used as a precursor for fibre-reactive dyes, as a specific reagent for tyrosine residues in enzymes, and as a fluorinating agent.

The Nysted reagent is used for the olefination of ketones and aldehydes.

The Cornforth salt or pyridinium dichromate (PDC) is a pyridinium salt of dichromate. It is a strong oxidizing agent which can convert primary and secondary alcohols to ketones. In its chemical structure and functions, it is closely related to other compounds made from hexavalent chromium oxide, such as pyridinium chlorochromate and Collins reagent.