Chemistry

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

1,420 Questions

This section tests your knowledge of chemical bonding, molecular structure, and hybridization. It covers ionic and covalent bonds, octet rule exceptions, and molecular geometry. These chemistry questions are common in various competitive entrance examinations.

Ionic and covalent bondsHybridisation of elementsOctet rule exceptionsMolecular geometryIntermolecular forces

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Questions

Multiple choice ionic bond atomic structure and chemical bonding chemistry


An electrovalent bond is formed when a metal atom transfers one or more electrons to a non-metal atom in :

  1. ionic compounds

  2. covalent compounds

  3. metallic compounds

  4. crystalline solids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

An electrovalent bond is formed when a metal atom transfers one or more electrons to a non-metal atom and these compounds are called ionic compounds.

Multiple choice ionic bond atomic structure and chemical bonding chemistry

Which of the following factor(s) favour the formation of ionic bond?

  1. The electrostatic attraction between charged ions in the crystal (i.e, lattice energy) should be low.

  2. Both atoms should be equal in size.

  3. The combining elements should differ by at least 2.0 in electronegativity.

  4. The cation and anion should have inert gas electronic configuration.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C,D Correct answer
Explanation

The following factors favour the formation of ionic bond.
The electrostatic attraction between charged ions in the crystal (i.e, lattice energy) should be high.
One of the atoms (metal) should be large in size. Other atom (non metal) should be small in size.
The combining elements should differ by at least 2.0 in electronegativity.
The cation and anion should have inert gas electronic configuration.

Multiple choice ionic bond atomic structure and chemical bonding chemistry

The charged particles that attract each other to form electrovalent compounds are _________.

  1. Protons and neutrons

  2. Cation and anion

  3. Electrons

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cation$\rightarrow $positively charged

Anion$\rightarrow $negatively charged
           Negative charges attract each other
Cation and onion are the charged particles that attract each other to form electrovalent compounds.

Multiple choice limestone uses of group 2 compounds group 2 industrial inorganic chemistry chemistry

Nuclear attraction is often the deciding control factor for the association of natural molecules to
a given metal ion. Which one of the following represents the correct order of stability of the ions?
$[Be(H _2O) _4]^{2+} , [Mg(H _2O) _4]^{2+} , Ca(H _2O) _4]^{2+} and          Sr(H _2O)^4]^{2+}$

  1. $[Be(H _2O) _4]^{2+} > Sr(H _2O) _4]^{2+}] > [Mg(H _2O) _4]^{2+} > [Ca(H _2O)^4]^{2+}$
  2. $[Ca(H _2O) _4]^{2+} > [Mg(H _2O) _4]^{2+} > [Be(H _2O) _4]^{2+} > Sr(H _2O) _4]^{2+}$
  3. $[Sr(H _2O) _4]^{2+} > [Ca(H _2O) _4]^{2+} > [Mg(H _2O) _4]^{2+} > [Be(H _2O) _4]^{2+}$
  4. $[Be(H _2O) _4]^{2+} > [Mg(H _2O) _4]^2 > [Ca(H _2O) _4]^{2+} > Sr(H _2O) _4]^{2+}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The degree of hydration and the amount of hydration energy decreases as the size of the ion increases from   Be^{2+} to Sr^{2+}. 

                      $Be^{2+}       <      Mg^{2+}     <    Ca^{2+}    <     Sr^{2+}$

Hydration   -2494        - 1921          -1577         -1443 

Ergy (kJ moI$^{-1})$ 

Thus, stability of hydrated ion is 

$[Be(H _2O) _4]^{2+} >[Mg(H _2O _4]^{2+} > [Ca(H _2O) _4]^{2+} > [Sr(H _2O) _4]^{2+}$
Multiple choice urea organic compounds with functional group containing nitrogen

What is the name of the compound $NH _2COONH _4$?

  1. Diammonium carbonate

  2. Ammonium carbamate

  3. Uric acid
  4. Both $B$ and $C$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Ammonium carbamate is a salt formed by the reaction of ammonia with carbon dioxide or carbamic acid. This compound is a white solid that is extremely soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, and only slightly volatile at room temperature. It is prepared by the direct reaction between liquid ammonia and dry ice (solid carbon dioxide).

Multiple choice chemistry pure substances and mixtures: separation of mixtures difference between mixtures and compounds pure substance and mixtures types of pure substances

Ionic compounds have ____ melting and boiling points whereas covalent compounds have _____ melting and boiling point.

  1. low, high

  2. moderate, low

  3. high, low

  4. moderate, high
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ionic compounds consist of strong electrostatic forces between ions, requiring high energy to break, resulting in high melting and boiling points. Covalent compounds consist of molecules held by weaker intermolecular forces, resulting in lower melting and boiling points.

Multiple choice chemistry hydroxy compounds and ethers physical properties of phenol physical properties of alcohols and phenols organic compounds with functional group containing oxygen (part-1)

In which of the following solvents, KI has highest solubility? The dielectric constant $(\epsilon)$ of each liquid is given in parentheses.

  1. $ C _{6}H _{6}(\epsilon =0)$
  2. $(CH _{3}) _{2}CO(\epsilon =21)$
  3. $CH _{3}OH(\epsilon =32)$
  4. $CCl _{4}(\epsilon =0)$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

KI is an ionic compound. Hence, it will be most soluble in apolar solvent, which has a high value of dielectric constant. Hence, $CH _3OH$ with the highest value of dielectric constant among the given options will provide high solubility.

Multiple choice synthetic polyamides polymerisation chemistry

The ratio between the $\pi -$ bonds in the monomers of N-vinylpyrolidone and perlon-L is:

  1. $2 : 1$
  2. $1 : 2$
  3. $3: 2$
  4. $2 : 3$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

N-vinylpyrrolidone has a double bond in the vinyl group and one in the carbonyl group (2 total). Perlon-L (Caprolactam) has one double bond in the carbonyl group. The ratio is 2:1.

Multiple choice distinction between pairs of amines organic compounds containing nitrogen organic compounds with functional group containing nitrogen chemistry

Which of the following is not a property of diazonium salts?

  1. Diazonium salts are colourless crystalline solids.

  2. Being ionic in nature they are soluble in water.

  3. Most of these salts explode when dried.

  4. The aqueous solutions of these salts are poor conductors of electricity.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Salt solution such as sodium chloride ($NaCl$) conducts an electric current because it has ions in it that have the freedom to move about in solution. These ions are produced when sodium chloride dissolves in pure water to produce sodium ($Na^+$) and chloride ions ($Cl^–$).

Diazonium salts ($ArN _2^+X$) aqueous solutions are neutral to litmus and conduct electricity due to the presence of ions.
In an aqueous solution (that is, dissolved in water), the ions and electrons are much more mobile, thereby allowing electricity to flow through the solution.

Multiple choice methods of purification of organic compounds methods of purification - organic compounds organic chemistry - some basic principles and techniques organic chemistry : some basic principles and techniques chemistry biochemical techniques

Which one of the following reagent is useful for separating aniline from nitrobenzene?

  1. $ aq. NaHCO _3 $
  2. $ aq. NaHSO _3 $
  3. $ aq. HCl $
  4. $dil. H _2SO _4 $
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The reagent selected should be such that only one of components to be separated, reacts with it.


Aniline $+$ aq, HCl $\rightarrow$ salt, which is soluble in water
Nitrobenzene $+$ aq. HCl$\rightarrow$ no reaction.

Therefore, aq. HCL is used to separate aniline and nitrobenzene.